Alterations in the Glycan Composition of Serum Glycoproteins in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Lectin-Based Glycoprotein Microarray Analysis
2.2. MALDI-TOF MS Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Samples
4.2. Sera Fragments
4.3. Sera Depletion
4.4. IgG Fraction
4.5. Protein Concentrations
4.6. Lectin-Based Glycoprotein Microarray
4.7. MALDI-TOF MS Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lectin | SNA | ConA | RCA | LCA | AAL | PHA-E | PhoSL | WGA | MAL-II | PHA-L | MAL-I | ||
Sugar Specificity | α2-6 SA | Man | Gal, GalNAc | Man (with Core Fuc) | Fuc | 2/3 Ant. Bisecting CNG | Core Fuc | GlcNAc, SA | α2-3 SA | 3/4 Ant CNG | α2-3 SA | ||
Relative signal intensity (%) | Serum | ADHD | 40.95 | 24.01 | 17.36 | 3.59 | 5.54 ** | 2.23 | 3.30 | 1.74 * | 0.99 | 0.29 | n.a. |
Controls | 41.52 | 24.14 | 16.89 | 3.55 | 4.73 ** | 2.53 | 3.27 | 1.90 * | 1.10 | 0.38 | n.a. | ||
Depleted serum | ADHD | 30.95 | 23.34 * | 26.02 * | 2.91 | 4.85 | 4.18 ** | 1.34 | 4.85 | 1.09 ** | 0.19 | 0.26 | |
Controls | 30.15 | 24.22 * | 24.81 * | 3.24 | 4.38 | 4.93 ** | 1.31 | 5.08 | 1.34 ** | 0.20 | 0.34 | ||
IgG | ADHD | 16.69 * | 21.52 | 13.37 | 22.57 | 10.80 * | 11.28 | 1.66 | 1.21 | 0.07 | 0.78 | 0.06 | |
Controls | 22.37 * | 20.07 | 13.57 | 20.92 | 9.05 * | 10.21 | 1.84 | 1.06 | 0.10 | 0.72 | 0.08 |
Structure Nr. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | ||
Structure Notation | H5N2 | H6N2 | H3N4F1 | H4N4 | H7N2 | H4N4F1 | H5N4 | H3N5F1 | H5N3SA1 | H8N2 | H5N4F1 | H4N5F1 | H6N3SA1 | H9N2 | ||
Relative signal intensity (%) | Serum | ADHD | 4.22 | 6.02 | 2.95 * | - | - | 5.03 * | 1.41 | - | 1.18 | 2.99 | 3.36 | 1.51 | 1.40 | 4.37 |
Controls | 3.37 | 5.88 | 1.88 * | - | - | 3.23 * | 1.40 | - | 1.16 | 3.12 | 2.64 | 1.30 | 1.51 | 3.32 | ||
Depleted serum | ADHD | 6.12 | 7.40 | - | - | 2.78 | - | 2.34 | - | 2.15 | 4.19 | 2.26 | - | 2.45 | 6.57 | |
Controls | 7.41 | 8.23 | - | - | 3.04 | - | 2.32 | - | 2.35 | 4.32 | 2.29 | - | 2.61 | 5.75 | ||
IgG | ADHD | 0.72 | 1.22 | 21.36 | 0.95 | - | 33.45 | 1.03 | 3.56 | - | - | 17.09 | 6.12 | - | - | |
Controls | 0.73 | 1.09 | 18.87 | 0.75 | - | 30.55 | 0.70 | 3.64 | - | - | 17.51 | 6.62 | - | - | ||
Structure Nr. | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | ||
Structure Notation | H4N4F1SA1 | H5N4SA1 | H4N5SA1 | H5N5F1 | H5N4F1SA1 | H5N5SA1 | H5N4SA2 | H5N5F1SA1 | H6N5SA1 | H5N4F1SA2 | H5N5F1SA2 | H6N5SA2 | H6N5SA3 | H6N5F1SA3 | ||
Relative signal intensity (%) | Serum | ADHD | - | 14.74 | - | 1.37 | 5.71 * | - | 31.08 | 3.24 | 0.84 | 4.98 | 1.37 | 0.72 | 0.87 | 0.64 |
Controls | - | 15.35 | - | 1.60 | 6.66 * | - | 33.81 | 4.70 | 0.81 | 4.57 | 1.27 | 0.91 | 0.98 | 0.52 | ||
Depleted serum | ADHD | - | 11.06 | 4.53 | - | 4.50 | - | 29.92 | 2.27 | 1.74 | 4.98 * | - | - | 2.54 | 2.19 | |
Controls | - | 11.89 | 2.49 | - | 4.74 | - | 30.46 | 2.66 | 1.72 | 4.02 * | - | - | 2.10 | 1.59 | ||
IgG | ADHD | 0.92 | 0.77 | - | 1.92 | 5.60 ** | 0.78 | - | 3.12 * | - | 0.61 | 0.77 | - | - | - | |
Controls | 0.99 | 0.85 | - | 2.22 | 8.33 ** | 0.62 | - | 4.92 * | - | 0.74 | 0.87 | - | - | - |
Nr. | m/z | Structure Notation | Structure | Nr. | m/z | Structure Notation | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1579.8 | H5N2 | 15 | 2401.2 | H4N4F1SA1 | ||
2 | 1783.9 | H6N2 | 16 | 2431.2 | H5N4SA1 | ||
3 | 1835.9 | H3N4F1 | 17 | 2472.2 | H4N5SA1 | ||
4 | 1865.9 | H4N4 | 18 | 2489.3 | H5N5F1 | ||
5 | 1988 | H7N2 | 19 | 2605.3 | H5N4F1SA1 | ||
6 | 2040 | H4N4F1 | 20 | 2676.3 | H5N5SA1 | ||
7 | 2070 | H5N4 | 21 | 2792.4 | H5N4SA2 | ||
8 | 2081.1 | H3N5F1 | 22 | 2850.4 | H5N5F1SA1 | ||
9 | 2186.1 | H5N3SA1 | 23 | 2880.4 | H6N5SA1 | ||
10 | 2192.1 | H8N2 | 24 | 2966.5 | H5N4F1SA2 | ||
11 | 2244.1 | H5N4F1 | 25 | 3211.6 | H5N5F1SA2 | ||
12 | 2285.2 | H4N5F1 | 26 | 3241.6 | H6N5SA2 | ||
13 | 2390.2 | H6N3SA1 | 27 | 3602.8 | H6N5SA3 | ||
14 | 2396.2 | H9N2 | 28 | 3776.9 | H6N5F1SA3 |
Lectin | Origin | Sugar Target |
---|---|---|
SNA | Sambucus nigra | α2-6 linked sialic acid |
ConA | Canavalia ensiformis | Manα1-6Man, Manα1-3Man, Manα1-2Man, high mannose |
RCA | Ricinus communis | Galβ1-4GlcNAc, GalNAc, Gal |
LCA | Lens culinaris | αMan in N-glycans with core fucose, αMan in N-glycans |
AAL | Aleuria aurantia | α1-3, α1-2, α1-4, α1-6 linked fucose |
PHA-E | Phaseolus vulgaris (erythroagglutinin) | di-/triantennary complex type N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc |
PhoSL | Pholiota squarrosa | α1-6 linked fucose (core fucose) |
WGA | Triticum vulgaris | GlcNAc, sialic acid |
MAL-II | Maackia amurensis (hemagglutinin) | α2-3 linked sialic acid in O-glycans |
PHA-L | Phaseolus vulgaris (leukoagglutinin) | tri/tetra-antennary complex type N-glycans |
MAL-I | Maackia amurensis (leukoagglutinin) | α2-3 linked sialic acid in N-glycans |
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Kianičková, K.; Pažitná, L.; Kundalia, P.H.; Pakanová, Z.; Nemčovič, M.; Baráth, P.; Katrlíková, E.; Šuba, J.; Trebatická, J.; Katrlík, J. Alterations in the Glycan Composition of Serum Glycoproteins in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 8745. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108745
Kianičková K, Pažitná L, Kundalia PH, Pakanová Z, Nemčovič M, Baráth P, Katrlíková E, Šuba J, Trebatická J, Katrlík J. Alterations in the Glycan Composition of Serum Glycoproteins in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(10):8745. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108745
Chicago/Turabian StyleKianičková, Kristína, Lucia Pažitná, Paras H. Kundalia, Zuzana Pakanová, Marek Nemčovič, Peter Baráth, Eva Katrlíková, Ján Šuba, Jana Trebatická, and Jaroslav Katrlík. 2023. "Alterations in the Glycan Composition of Serum Glycoproteins in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10: 8745. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108745