In Vitro Antimicrobial Potential of CAPE and Caffeamide Derivatives against Oral Microbes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. 26G and 36M Showed the Best Potential for Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities, Respectively, than other Caffeamide Derivatives
2.2. 36M Showed a Stable Antimicrobial Effect over a Wide pH Range but Weakened after Heating
2.3. Determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 26G and 36M on Oral Microbes
2.4. Microorganism Growth Is Delayed by 26G and 36M in a Concentration-Dependent Manner
2.5. 36M Repressed the Drug-Resistance Gene Expression of MRSA
2.6. 36M Decreased MRSA Biofilm Formation
2.7. 36M Was More Cytotoxic Than 26G and Effectively Suppressed Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression in RAW264.7 Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Antimicrobial Agents and Other Chemicals
4.2. Microbial Cultures
4.3. Agar Diffusion Test
4.4. Cell Culture
4.5. Cell Viability Assay
4.6. Heat Stability Test
4.7. pH Value Stability Test
4.8. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)
4.9. Growth Curve Assay
4.10. Drug Synergistic Test
4.11. Biofilm Formation Assay
4.12. Reverse Transcription-Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
4.13. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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MIC/MBC | |||
---|---|---|---|
26G (μM) | 36M (μM) | CHX (μg/mL) | |
A. actinomycetemcomitans (G−) | >400/>400 | 400/400 | <1/<1 |
S. mutans (G+) | >400/>400 | 400/400 | <1/<1 |
S. aureus (G+) | >400/400 | 100/200 | 1</<1 |
MRSA (G+) | >400/>400 | 200/200 | 1</2 |
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Shih, Y.-H.; Hsia, S.-M.; Chiu, K.-C.; Wang, T.-H.; Chien, C.-Y.; Li, P.-J.; Kuo, Y.-H.; Shieh, T.-M. In Vitro Antimicrobial Potential of CAPE and Caffeamide Derivatives against Oral Microbes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 4099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084099
Shih Y-H, Hsia S-M, Chiu K-C, Wang T-H, Chien C-Y, Li P-J, Kuo Y-H, Shieh T-M. In Vitro Antimicrobial Potential of CAPE and Caffeamide Derivatives against Oral Microbes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(8):4099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084099
Chicago/Turabian StyleShih, Yin-Hwa, Shih-Min Hsia, Kuo-Chou Chiu, Tong-Hong Wang, Chi-Ying Chien, Po-Jung Li, Yueh-Hsiung Kuo, and Tzong-Ming Shieh. 2022. "In Vitro Antimicrobial Potential of CAPE and Caffeamide Derivatives against Oral Microbes" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8: 4099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084099