The Role of the Lymphatic System in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Involvement of the Lymph Nodes in IBD
2.1.1. Innate Immune Responses
The Role of Mesenteric Lymph Node Dendritic Cells
The Role of Mesenteric Lymph Node Macrophages, Mononuclear Phagocytes and Basophils
2.1.2. Adaptive Immune Responses
Mesenteric Lymph Node T-Cell Subtypes Alterations
Mesenteric Lymph Node B-Cell Subtypes Alterations in IBD
2.2. The Involvement of Peyer’s Patches, and Colonic and Cecal Patches in IBD
2.3. The Involvement of the Lymphatic System Stromal Components in IBD
2.3.1. Lymph Node Stromal Cells and IBD
2.3.2. Adipose Tissue and Lymphatics in IBD: The Role of Perinodal Adipose Tissue
2.3.3. The Role of Lymphatic Vessels and Lymphatic Endothelium Alterations in IBD Pathogenesis
2.4. Granulomas in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and Lymphatic Vessels as Indication of Crohn’s Disease
2.5. The Interaction between the Microbiome and the Lymphatic System in IBD
2.6. Lymphocyte Trafficking as a Potential Target for IBD Treatment
2.6.1. Adhesion Molecule Targeting as a Treatment Option
2.6.2. Targeting S1P Receptor as a Novel Therapeutic Approach
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
- What is the role of the adaptive and innate immune cells, as well as, stroma (including lymphatic endothelium) located in lymphoid tissues, regarding the pathogenesis of IBD (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis)?
- What is the role of lymphatic obstruction in disease initiation and progression?
- Is there an interaction between the lymphoid tissues and the microbiome in relation to IBD pathogenesis?
- Which are the treatment options and targets interfering with lymphocyte trafficking in the GALT?
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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Nikolakis, D.; de Voogd, F.A.E.; Pruijt, M.J.; Grootjans, J.; van de Sande, M.G.; D’Haens, G.R. The Role of the Lymphatic System in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1854. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031854
Nikolakis D, de Voogd FAE, Pruijt MJ, Grootjans J, van de Sande MG, D’Haens GR. The Role of the Lymphatic System in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(3):1854. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031854
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolakis, Dimitrios, Floris A. E. de Voogd, Maarten J. Pruijt, Joep Grootjans, Marleen G. van de Sande, and Geert R. D’Haens. 2022. "The Role of the Lymphatic System in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3: 1854. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031854