Role of Periostin Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Periostin Silencing Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells via Regulation of MMP-2 Expression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Examination of POSTN Expression Level and Its Association with Clinicopathological Parameters of Patients
2.2. Comparison of POSTN with MMP-2 Expression Level
2.3. Associations between Cytoplasmic and Stromal Expression of POSTN in NSCLC
2.4. Survival Analysis
2.5. The Expression of POSTN in Lung Cancer Cell Lines
2.6. Effects of POSTN Silencing on A549 Cell Migration and Invasion In Vitro
2.7. POSTN Silencing Decreases the Expression of Integrin-Signaling Pathway-Related Protein
2.8. POSTN Silencing Downregulates the Protein Expression Levels of MMP-2 and MMP-2 Activity
2.9. Effects of Increased POSTN on MMP-2 Expression
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patient Cohort
4.2. Construction of Tissue Microarray (TMA) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
4.3. Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM)
4.4. Reverse Transcription–Quantitative PCR (RT–qPCR)
4.5. Cell Lines
4.6. Virus Production, Transductions and Cell Maintenance
4.7. Protein Isolation, SDS-PAGE, and Western Blotting
4.8. Wound-Healing Assay
4.9. Transwell Invasion Assay
4.10. Immunofluorescence (IF)
4.11. Gelatin Zymography
4.12. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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(A) | ||||||||
Overall Survival (OS) | ||||||||
Clinicopathological Parameters | NSCLC | |||||||
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||||||
p-Value | HR (95% HR CI) | p-Value | HR (95% HR CI) | |||||
Age (<62 vs. >62) | 0.0099 | 1.2915 (1.0635–1.5684) | 0.0011 | 1.3867 (1.1389–1.6885) | ||||
POSTN cancer cells (low vs. high) | <0.0001 | 1.8496 (1.5203–2.2502) | <0.0001 | 1.5401 (1.2595–1.8831) | ||||
Ki-67 (median) | 0.5862 | 0.9456 (0.7729–1.1567) | - | - | ||||
TTF-1 | 0.7634 | 0.9908 (0.9333–1.052) | - | - | ||||
p63 | 0.0938 | 0.9517 (0.898–1.0084) | - | - | ||||
Smoking history | 0.2842 | 1.01 (0.9918–1.0286) | - | - | ||||
Stage (I–II vs. III–IV) | <0.0001 | 2.1399 (1.7488–2.6185) | 0.1108 | 1.2661 (0.9474–1.692) | ||||
Grade (G1 vs. G2-G3) | 0.7886 | 1.0539 (0.718–1.5471) | - | - | ||||
Tumour size (T1-T2 vs. T3-T4) | <0.0001 | 1.9758 (1.6174–2.4136) | 0.0001 | 1.6143 (1.2715–2.0495) | ||||
Lymph nodes involvement (N0 vs. N+) | <0.0001 | 1.8288 (1.5009–2.2284) | 0.0004 | 1.5767 (1.223–2.0327) | ||||
pM | 0.6951 | 1.3087 (0.3408–5.0262) | - | - | ||||
(B) | ||||||||
Overall Survival (OS) | ||||||||
Clinicopathological Parameters | SCC | AC | ||||||
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
p-Value | HR (95% HR CI) | p-Value | HR (95% HR CI) | p-Value | HR (95% HR CI) | p-Value | HR (95% HR CI) | |
Age (<62 vs. >62) | 0.0463 | 1.3453 (1.0049–1.801) | 0.0279 | 1.3912 (1.0365–1.8673) | 0.1792 | 1.2257 (0.9108–1.6493) | - | - |
POSTN cancer cells (low vs. high) | 0.0001 | 1.827 (1.3593–2.4556) | 0.0045 | 1.5597 (1.1476–2.1196) | <0.0001 | 2.0868 (1.548–2.8132) | 0.0025 | 1.6236 (1.1858–2.223) |
Ki-67 (median) | 0.5593 | 0.915 (0.679–1.233) | - | - | 0.7894 | 0.9599 (0.7109–1.2962) | - | - |
TTF-1 | 0.2344 | 1.0831 (0.9496–1.2353) | - | - | 0.0469 | 0.8994 (0.8102–0.9986) | 0.2284 | 0.9345 (0.8369–1.0434) |
p63 | 0.0675 | 0.8935 (0.792–1.0081) | - | - | 0.7377 | 0.978 (0.8589–1.1138) | - | - |
Smoking history | 0.3124 | 1.01 (0.9907–1.0298) | - | - | 0.0662 | 1.4783 (0.9742–2.2431) | - | - |
Stage (I vs. II–IV) | 0.0001 | 1.9025 (1.394–2.5965) | 0.3043 | 1.2635 (0.8087–1.9741) | <0.0001 | 2.3709 (1.751–3.2103) | 0.3528 | 1.2374 (0.7896–1.9392) |
Grade (G1 vs. G2-G3) | 0.2417 | 0.6367 (0.299–1.3557) | - | - | 0.2646 | 1.3118 (0.8144–2.113) | - | - |
Tumour size (T1-T2 vs. T3-T4) | <0.0001 | 1.8701 (1.3894–2.517) | 0.0221 | 1.5217 (1.0623–2.1798) | <0.0001 | 2.0099 (1.4645–2.7583) | 0.0362 | 1.4849 (1.0258–2.1496) |
Lymph nodes involvement (N0 vs. N+) | 0.0039 | 1.5464 (1.1504–2.0788) | 0.1079 | 1.3633 (0.9343–1.9892) | <0.0001 | 2.3189 (1.7176–3.1306) | 0.0026 | 1.8544 (1.2414–2.7701) |
pM | - | - | - | - | 0.7036 | 1.3302 (0.3058–5.7855) | - | - |
Characteristics | NSCLC | AC | SCC | LCC | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 715 | % | N = 298 | % | N = 370 | % | N = 47 | % | |
Age | ||||||||
≤62 | 36 | 5.03% | 21 | 7.05% | 10 | 2.70% | 26 | 55.32% |
>62 | 679 | 94.97% | 277 | 92.95% | 360 | 97.30% | 21 | 44.68% |
Tumor size | ||||||||
pT1 | 184 | 25.73% | 74 | 24.83% | 93 | 25.14% | 14 | 29.79% |
pT2 | 313 | 43.78% | 145 | 48.66% | 155 | 41.89% | 18 | 38.30% |
pT3 | 149 | 20.84% | 52 | 17.45% | 85 | 22.97% | 9 | 19.15% |
pT4 | 69 | 9.65% | 27 | 9.06% | 37 | 10.00% | 6 | 12.77% |
Tumor grade | ||||||||
G1 | 52 | 7.27% | 37 | 12.42% | 12 | 3.24% | 2 | 4.26% |
G2 | 565 | 79.02% | 205 | 68.79% | 301 | 81.35% | 39 | 82.98% |
G3 | 98 | 13.71% | 56 | 18.79% | 57 | 15.41% | 6 | 12.77% |
Lymph node involvement | ||||||||
pN0 | 471 | 65.87% | 193 | 64.77% | 240 | 64.86% | 34 | 72.34% |
pN1 | 131 | 18.32% | 43 | 14.43% | 84 | 22.70% | 4 | 8.51% |
pN2 | 113 | 15.80% | 62 | 20.81% | 46 | 12.43% | 9 | 19.15% |
Stage | ||||||||
I | 262 | 36.64% | 114 | 38.26% | 131 | 35.41% | 15 | 31.91% |
II | 249 | 34.83% | 88 | 29.53% | 140 | 37.84% | 16 | 34.04% |
III | 198 | 27.69% | 91 | 30.54% | 98 | 26.49% | 15 | 31.91% |
IV | 6 | 0.84% | 5 | 1.68% | 1 | 0.27% | 1 | 2.13% |
Smoking status | ||||||||
Neg. | 104 | 14.55% | 52 | 17.45% | 38 | 10.27% | 4 | 8.51% |
Pos. | 611 | 85.45% | 246 | 82.55% | 332 | 89.73% | 43 | 91.49% |
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Ratajczak-Wielgomas, K.; Kmiecik, A.; Dziegiel, P. Role of Periostin Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Periostin Silencing Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells via Regulation of MMP-2 Expression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031240
Ratajczak-Wielgomas K, Kmiecik A, Dziegiel P. Role of Periostin Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Periostin Silencing Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells via Regulation of MMP-2 Expression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(3):1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031240
Chicago/Turabian StyleRatajczak-Wielgomas, Katarzyna, Alicja Kmiecik, and Piotr Dziegiel. 2022. "Role of Periostin Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Periostin Silencing Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells via Regulation of MMP-2 Expression" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3: 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031240