Magnetic Fe/Fe3C@C Nanoadsorbents for Efficient Cr (VI) Removal
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Structural and Magnetic Characterization
2.2. Cr (VI) Adsorption Tests
- Cr (VI) Adsorption Kinetics
- b.
- Cr (VI) Adsorption Isotherms
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Synthesis of Fe–C Nanostructures
3.2. Structural and Magnetic Characterization
3.3. Cr (VI) Adsorption Tests
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tann | Graphitic Phase | Cell Parameter (Å) | Fe-Based Phases | Cell Parameter (Å) | Crystallite Size (Å) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
400 °C | Graphite1 (100%) | a = b = 2.454 (1) c = 6.696 (6) | Fe3O4 (100%) | a = b = c = 8.3619 (6) | 79.14 (4) |
600 °C | Graphite1 (100%) | a = b = 2.439 (8) c = 6.742 (2) | Fe3C (100%) | a = 5.0920 b = 6.7441 (1) c = 4.5269 | 777.45 (8) |
800 °C | Graphite1 (31.2%) | a = b = 2.446 (2) c = 6.741 (1) | Fe3C (61.1%) | a = 5.0926 (1) b = 6.745 (2) c = 4.5281 (1) | 603.32 (5) |
Graphite2 (68.8%) | a = b = 2.557 (2) c = 6.932 (5) | α-Fe (38.9%) | a = b = c = 2.8682 (1) | 689.76 (0) | |
1000 °C | Graphite1 (70.7) | a = b = 2.5681 (6) c = 6.7478 (6) | Fe3C (57.8%) | a = 5.0934 (1) b = 6.7456 (2) c = 4.5290 (1) | 542.91 (2) |
Graphite2 (29.3) | a = b = 2.3812 (9) c = 6.869 (3) | α-Fe (42.2%) | a = b = c = 2.8682 (1) | 931.48 (5) |
Tann | ωD (cm−1) | ωG (cm−1) | ω2D (cm−1) | FWHMD (cm−1) | FWHMG (cm−1) | ID/IG | I2D/ID |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
400 °C | 1362 ± 1 | 1585 ± 1 | 3018 ± 10 | 253 ± 5 | 92 ± 2 | 0.69 | 0.10 |
600 °C | 1351.3 ± 0.3 | 1589.6 ± 0.1 | 2859 ± 3 | 262 ± 1 | 86.3 ± 0.4 | 0.88 | 0.22 |
800 °C | 1344.6 ± 0.3 | 1587.6 ± 0.1 | 2692 ± 1 | 139 ± 1 | 63.9 ± 0.4 | 0.88 | 0.29 |
1000 °C | 1350.4 ± 0.1 | 1590.1 ± 0.1 | 2693.7 ± 0.3 | 75.8 ± 0.3 | 53.7 ± 0.2 | 0.83 | 0.39 |
Sample | Pseudo-First-Order Model | Pseudo-Second-Order Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qe (mg/g) | k1 (min−1) | R2 | qe (mg/g) | k2 (g/mg min) | R2 | |
MNPs + fructose (Tann = 800 °C) | 0.519 | 0.61 ± 0.01 | 0.994 | 0.611 | 0.72 ± 0.06 | 0.887 |
MNPs | 0.746 | 0.047 ± 0.005 | 0.909 | 0.937 | 0.042 ± 0.004 | 0.928 |
Sample | Langmuir Model | Freundlich Model | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qmax (mg/g) | KL (L/mg) | RL | R2 | KF (L/g) | n | R2 | |
MNPs + fructose (Tann = 800 °C) | 41.5 | 0.182 | 0.499 | 0.907 | 11.1 | 3.18 | 0.955 |
MNPs | 11.2 | 0.709 | 0.940 | 0.869 | 4.85 | 5.99 | 0.724 |
Sample | Isotherm Values | Kinetic Constants | References |
---|---|---|---|
MNPs + fructose (Tann = 800 °C) | qmax = 41.5 mg/g | k1 = 0.61 min−1 | This work |
KF = 11.1 L/g | k2 = 0.72 g/mg·min | ||
Poly(ionic liquid) | qmax = 236.8 mg/g | k2 = 0.0211 g/mg·min | [41] |
Hierarchical polydopamine coated cellulose nanocrystal microstructures | qmax = 205 mg/g | k1 = 0.0028 min−1 | [42] |
KF = 43.27 L/g | k2 = 3.96 × 10−4 g/mg·min | ||
Hierarchical porous polydopamine microspheres | qmax = 307.7 mg/g | k1 = 2.508 min−1 | [43] |
KF = 94.99 L/g | k2 = 3.39 g/mg·min | ||
Ti-PDA nanoparticles | qmax = 625 mg/g | k1 = 0.01 min−1 | [44] |
KF = 0.28111 L/g | k2 = 2.45 × 10−3 g/mg·min |
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Cervera-Gabalda, L.; Gómez-Polo, C. Magnetic Fe/Fe3C@C Nanoadsorbents for Efficient Cr (VI) Removal. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 15135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315135
Cervera-Gabalda L, Gómez-Polo C. Magnetic Fe/Fe3C@C Nanoadsorbents for Efficient Cr (VI) Removal. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):15135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315135
Chicago/Turabian StyleCervera-Gabalda, Laura, and Cristina Gómez-Polo. 2022. "Magnetic Fe/Fe3C@C Nanoadsorbents for Efficient Cr (VI) Removal" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 15135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315135