An Integration of Linkage Mapping and GWAS Reveals the Key Genes for Ear Shank Length in Maize
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Evaluation of ESL Phenotype
2.2. QTL Responsible for ESL
2.3. Significant Associations for ESL
2.4. Candidate Genes Co-Localized by QTL Mapping and GWAS
2.5. Intragenic Variations Affecting ESL
2.6. Temporal and Spatial Expression Profile of Cyclin11
3. Discussion
3.1. Combining the IBM Syn 10 DH Population and Association Panel to Detect the Genetic Basis of Maize ESL
3.2. Genetic Architecture of Maize ESL
3.3. Candidate Genes Involved in Maize ESL
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials and Field Trials
4.2. Sample Collection, Phenotyping and Statistical Analyses
4.3. QTL Mapping
4.4. Genome-Wide Association Study
4.5. DEG Identification
4.6. Gene-Based Association Analysis
4.7. RT-qPCR
4.8. Subcellular Localization
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Population | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IBM Syn 10 DH Population | Association Panel | ||||||
Env. | CZ | YA | XSBN | CZ | YA | XSBN | |
Mean (cm) | 8.88 | 7.12 | 7.28 | 8.93 | 7.77 | 7.69 | |
SD | 2.55 | 2.09 | 2.26 | 2.45 | 2.16 | 2.02 | |
Max (cm) | 19.93 | 14.3 | 14.61 | 17.3 | 14.77 | 15.19 | |
Min (cm) | 3.37 | 3.10 | 2.28 | 3.74 | 3.50 | 3.27 | |
CV (%) | 28.73 | 29.33 | 31.05 | 27.47 | 27.74 | 26.37 | |
Mean ± SD (cm) | B73 | 6.63 ± 0.64 | 3.5 ± 0.62 | 10.18 ± 0.98 | - | - | - |
Mo17 | 11.14 ± 1.03 | 9.16 ± 0.61 | 9.42 ± 1.37 | - | - | - | |
p value | 0.006 ** | 0.0007 *** | 0.56 | - | - | - | |
F value E * | 231.074 ** | 161.205 ** | |||||
F value G * | 12.348 ** | 10.946 ** | |||||
F value G × E * | 2.368 ** | 2.011 ** | |||||
Heritability | 0.81 | 0.82 |
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Liang, Z.; Xi, N.; Liu, H.; Liu, P.; Xiang, C.; Zhang, C.; Zou, C.; Cheng, X.; Yu, H.; Zhang, M.; et al. An Integration of Linkage Mapping and GWAS Reveals the Key Genes for Ear Shank Length in Maize. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 15073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315073
Liang Z, Xi N, Liu H, Liu P, Xiang C, Zhang C, Zou C, Cheng X, Yu H, Zhang M, et al. An Integration of Linkage Mapping and GWAS Reveals the Key Genes for Ear Shank Length in Maize. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):15073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315073
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang, Zhenjuan, Na Xi, Hao Liu, Peng Liu, Chenchaoyang Xiang, Chen Zhang, Chaoying Zou, Xuyujuan Cheng, Hong Yu, Minyan Zhang, and et al. 2022. "An Integration of Linkage Mapping and GWAS Reveals the Key Genes for Ear Shank Length in Maize" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 15073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315073