O-Glycosylation Changes in Serum Immunoglobulin G Are Associated with Inflammation Development in Advanced Endometriosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. ROC Curve Analysis
2.2. Cluster Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patient Samples
4.2. IgG Isolation
4.3. Lectin-ELISA
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
5.1. Strengths of the Study
- We are the first to show the presence of O-glycans in blood serum IgG in women with advanced endometriosis.
- The relative reactivities of isolated serum IgG O-glycans with specific lectins were significantly higher in women with advanced endometriosis and the group of women with gynecological diseases other than endometriosis in comparison to the group of healthy women.
- The relative reactivity of i-IgG O-glycans with Jacalin significantly differentiates the advanced endometriosis patients from women with other gynecological diseases, which was most probably caused by increased expression of core 3 type O-glycans in the case of non-endometriosis patients.
- The relative reactivities of blood serum IgG glycans with PHA-L in advanced endometriosis and non-endometriosis patients were significantly higher than in the control group of healthy women, showing increased expression of multi-branched three and tetra-antennary N-glycans in the E and NE groups.
- Cluster analysis confirmed the usefulness of the determinations of relative reactivities of i-IgG glycans with MPL, VVL, Jacalin, and PHA-L for distinguishing healthy women from women with advanced endometriosis and women without endometriosis but suffering from other gynecological diseases.
5.2. Limitations of the Study
- Significant differences in relative reactivities of IgG glycans with the lectins used were observed only for IgG isolates, which was most probably caused by better bioavailability of oligosaccharides for lectins when IgG was isolated from biological material. However, given that the process of isolation and purification of the protein is long and laborious, the differences observed between the studied groups in the relative reactivities of IgG glycans with lectins used should be treated as an additional cognitive aspect that could be difficult to apply in routine diagnostics.
- The lack of women suffering from early stages of endometriosis made it impossible to check the utility of lectin-ELISA tests used in the present study for diagnostics of the early stages of disease development.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Relative Reactivity with Lectins (AU) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | MPL (s) | MPL (i) | VVL (s) | VVL (i) | MPL/VVL Ratio (s) | MPL/VVL Ratio (i) | Jacalin (s) | Jacalin (i) | PHA-L (s) | PHA-L (i) |
E n = 34 | 0.118 ± 0.045 | 0.342 ± 0.160 | 0.028 ± 0.031 | 0.061 ± 0.051 | 7.361 ± 5.705 | 7.465 ± 4.439 | 0.260 ± 0.076 | 1.025 ± 0.094 | 0.197 ± 0.235 | 0.340 ± 0.148 |
NE n = 32 | 0.169 ± 0.111 pE = 0.022764 | 0.310 ± 0.115 | 0.047 ± 0.076 | 0.080 ± 0.097 | 6.228 ± 4.742 | 5.885 ± 3.383 | 0.244 ± 0.082 | 1.103 ± 0.138 pE = 0.006401 | 0.263 ± 0.270 | 0.402 ± 0.169 |
C n = 19 | 0.103 ± 0.042 pNE = 0.005500 | 0.020 ± 0.025 pE = 0.000000 pNE = 0.000000 | 0.029 ± 0.022 | 0.001 ± 0.002 pE = 0.000000 pNE = 0.000000 | 6.227 ± 6.382 | 2.750 ± 5.546 pE = 0.000000 pNE = 0.000317 | 0.246 ± 0.084 | 0.106 ± 0.140 pE = 0.000000 pNE = 0.000000 | 0.180 ± 0.123 | 0.002 ± 0.006 pE = 0.000000 pNE = 0.000000 |
s-IgG | i-IgG | |
---|---|---|
Correlations between IgG Relative Reactivities with Lectins | Spearman Rank Coefficient (r) | Spearman Rank Coefficient (r) |
MPL vs. VVL | 0.566 p = 0.000000 | 0.737 p = 0.000000 |
MPL vs. Jacalin | 0.549 p = 0.000000 | 0.832 p = 0.000000 |
VVL vs. Jacalin | 0.247 p = 0.000000 | 0.666 p = 0.000000 |
Correlations between Relative Reactivity of Lectins with s-IgG vs. i-IgG | Spearman Rank Coefficient (r) |
---|---|
MPL (s) vs. MPL (i) | 0.260874 p = 0.015890 |
VVL (s) vs. VVL (i) | |
MPL/VVL (s) vs. MPL/VVL (i) | 0.255850 p = 0.018109 |
Jacalin (s) vs. Jacalin (i) | |
PHA-L (s) vs. PHA-L (i) | 0.279398 p = 0.009610 |
Lectin | AUC | AUC with 95% Confidence Interval | Cut-Off Point | Sensitivity | Specificity | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
s-IgG | ||||||
MPL | 0.576 | 0.414–0.738 | 0.134 | 0.353 | 0.842 | 0.3580 |
VVL | 0.561 | 0.393–0.73 | 0.018 | 0.559 | 0.632 | 0.4771 |
MPL/VVL | 0.611 | 0.479–0.744 | 5.265 | 0.647 | 0.684 | 0.1001 |
Jacalin | 0.565 | 0.406–0.724 | 0.324 | 0.265 | 0.947 | 0.4242 |
PHA-L | 0.406 | 0.254–0.557 | 0.348 | 0.265 | 0.947 | 0.2215 |
i-IgG | ||||||
MPL | 1 | 1–1 | 0.085 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.0000 |
VVL | 1 | 1–1 | 0.01 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.0000 |
MPL/VVL | 0.811 | 0.693–0.929 | 1.854 | 1.000 | 0.789 | 0.0000 |
Jacalin | 1 | 1–1 | 0.852 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.0000 |
PHA-L | 1 | 1–1 | 0.102 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.0000 |
Lectin | AUC | AUC with 95% Confidence Interval | Cut-Off Point | Sensitivity | Specificity | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
s-IgG | ||||||
MPL | 0.737 | 0.601–0.873 | 0.118 | 0.656 | 0.737 | 0.0006 |
VVL | 0.544 | 0.378–0.711 | 0.035 | 0.469 | 0.737 | 0.6011 |
MPL/VVL | 0.582 | 0.412–0.753 | 3.48 | 0.813 | 0.421 | 0.3450 |
Jacalin | 0.523 | 0.36–0.686 | 0.193 | 0.344 | 0.789 | 0.7823 |
PHA-L | 0.546 | 0.388–0.704 | 0.23 | 0.469 | 0.789 | 0.5669 |
i-IgG | ||||||
MPL | 1 | 1–1 | 0.126 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.0000 |
VVL | 1 | 1–1 | 0.015 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.0000 |
MPL/VVL | 0.801 | 0.627–0.975 | 0.975 | 1.000 | 0.789 | 0.0007 |
Jacalin | 1 | 1–1 | 0.72 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.0000 |
PHA-L | 1 | 1–1 | 0.166 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.0000 |
Lectin Source | Specificity for Sugar Structures |
---|---|
MPL (Maclura pomifera lectin) | T (Galβ1,3GalNAc) and Tn antigen (single GalNAc) [55] |
VVL (Vicia villosa lectin) | Tn antigen (single GalNAc) [56,57] |
Jacalin (Artocarpus integrifolia lectin) | T antigen (Galβ1,3GalNAc), Tn antigen (single GalNAc), sTn antigen (NeuAcα2,6GalNAc) [45] |
PHA-L (Phaseolus vulgaris lectin) | tri/tetra-antennary N-glycans, binds to β1,6 branches of tri- and tetra-antennary oligosaccharides [54] |
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Sołkiewicz, K.; Kacperczyk, M.; Krotkiewski, H.; Jędryka, M.; Kratz, E.M. O-Glycosylation Changes in Serum Immunoglobulin G Are Associated with Inflammation Development in Advanced Endometriosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 8087. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158087
Sołkiewicz K, Kacperczyk M, Krotkiewski H, Jędryka M, Kratz EM. O-Glycosylation Changes in Serum Immunoglobulin G Are Associated with Inflammation Development in Advanced Endometriosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(15):8087. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158087
Chicago/Turabian StyleSołkiewicz, Katarzyna, Monika Kacperczyk, Hubert Krotkiewski, Marcin Jędryka, and Ewa Maria Kratz. 2022. "O-Glycosylation Changes in Serum Immunoglobulin G Are Associated with Inflammation Development in Advanced Endometriosis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15: 8087. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158087