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Article

Recombinant Human Thymosin β4 (rhTβ4) Modulates the Anti-Inflammatory Responses to Alleviate Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)-Induced Dry Eye Disease

by
Yanfang Zhai
1,†,
Xiaoxiang Zheng
2,†,
Yunyun Mao
1,
Kai Li
1,
Yanhong Liu
1,
Yuemei Gao
1,
Mengsu Zhao
1,
Rui Yang
1,
Rui Yu
1,* and
Wei Chen
1,*
1
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
2
Eye Institute of Xiamen University & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361104, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(10), 5458; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105458
Submission received: 28 March 2022 / Revised: 6 May 2022 / Accepted: 9 May 2022 / Published: 13 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Materials Science)
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Abstract

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular disorder that interferes with daily living and reduces quality of life. However, there is no most ideal therapeutic treatment to address all the deleterious defects of DED. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of recombinant human thymosin β4 (rhTβ4) to promote healing in a benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced mice DED model and the anti-inflammatory effects involved in that process. Eye drops consisting of 0.05% and 0.1% rhTβ4 were used for treatment of DED. Tear volume and corneal staining scores were measured after 7 days. Periodic acid-Schiff staining for gobleT cells in conjunctiva, immunohistochemical staining for CD4+ T cells, TUNEL assay for apoptotic positive cells in cornea and conjunctiva, qRT-PCR and ELISA assays for multiple cytokines were performed. All clinical parameters showed improvement in both the 0.05% and 0.1% rhTβ4 groups. Specifically, topical application of rhTβ4 significantly increased conjunctival gobleT cells and reduced apoptotic cells in conjunctiva. Mechanically, the rhTβ4 groups showed significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine levels and CD4+ T cells in conjunctiva by blocking NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) activation, suggesting that 0.05–0.1% rhTβ4 eye drops may be used as a potential therapeutic treatment for DED.
Keywords: benzalkonium chloride (BAC); dry eye disease (DED); recombinant human thymosin β4 (rhTβ4); inflammation benzalkonium chloride (BAC); dry eye disease (DED); recombinant human thymosin β4 (rhTβ4); inflammation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhai, Y.; Zheng, X.; Mao, Y.; Li, K.; Liu, Y.; Gao, Y.; Zhao, M.; Yang, R.; Yu, R.; Chen, W. Recombinant Human Thymosin β4 (rhTβ4) Modulates the Anti-Inflammatory Responses to Alleviate Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)-Induced Dry Eye Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5458. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105458

AMA Style

Zhai Y, Zheng X, Mao Y, Li K, Liu Y, Gao Y, Zhao M, Yang R, Yu R, Chen W. Recombinant Human Thymosin β4 (rhTβ4) Modulates the Anti-Inflammatory Responses to Alleviate Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)-Induced Dry Eye Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(10):5458. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105458

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhai, Yanfang, Xiaoxiang Zheng, Yunyun Mao, Kai Li, Yanhong Liu, Yuemei Gao, Mengsu Zhao, Rui Yang, Rui Yu, and Wei Chen. 2022. "Recombinant Human Thymosin β4 (rhTβ4) Modulates the Anti-Inflammatory Responses to Alleviate Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)-Induced Dry Eye Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10: 5458. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105458

APA Style

Zhai, Y., Zheng, X., Mao, Y., Li, K., Liu, Y., Gao, Y., Zhao, M., Yang, R., Yu, R., & Chen, W. (2022). Recombinant Human Thymosin β4 (rhTβ4) Modulates the Anti-Inflammatory Responses to Alleviate Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)-Induced Dry Eye Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(10), 5458. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105458

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