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Article

A 4-Week Diet Low or High in Advanced Glycation Endproducts Has Limited Impact on Gut Microbial Composition in Abdominally Obese Individuals: The deAGEing Trial

by
Armand M. A. Linkens
1,2,
Niels van Best
3,4,
Petra M. Niessen
1,2,
Nicole E. G. Wijckmans
5,6,
Erica E. C. de Goei
5,6,
Jean L. J. M. Scheijen
1,2,
Martien C. J. M. van Dongen
5,
Christel C. J. A. W. van Gool
5,
Willem M. de Vos
6,7,
Alfons J. H. M. Houben
1,2,
Coen D. A. Stehouwer
1,2,
Simone J. M. P. Eussen
2,5,8,
John Penders
3,4,8 and
Casper G. Schalkwijk
1,2,*
1
Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
2
CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
3
Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
4
NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
5
Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, 6229 HA Maastricht, The Netherlands
6
Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
7
Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
8
CAPHRI School for Care and Public Health Research Unstitute, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(10), 5328; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105328
Submission received: 18 April 2022 / Revised: 4 May 2022 / Accepted: 5 May 2022 / Published: 10 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Protein Glycation in Food, Nutrition, Health and Disease)
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Abstract

Dietary advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), abundantly present in Westernized diets, are linked to negative health outcomes, but their impact on the gut microbiota has not yet been well investigated in humans. We investigated the effects of a 4-week isocaloric and macronutrient-matched diet low or high in AGEs on the gut microbial composition of 70 abdominally obese individuals in a double-blind parallel-design randomized controlled trial (NCT03866343). Additionally, we investigated the cross-sectional associations between the habitual intake of dietary dicarbonyls, reactive precursors to AGEs, and the gut microbial composition, as assessed by 16S rRNA amplicon-based sequencing. Despite a marked percentage difference in AGE intake, we observed no differences in microbial richness and the general community structure. Only the Anaerostipes spp. had a relative abundance >0.5% and showed differential abundance (0.5 versus 1.11%; p = 0.028, after low- or high-AGE diet, respectively). While the habitual intake of dicarbonyls was not associated with microbial richness or a general community structure, the intake of 3-deoxyglucosone was especially associated with an abundance of several genera. Thus, a 4-week diet low or high in AGEs has a limited impact on the gut microbial composition of abdominally obese humans, paralleling its previously observed limited biological consequences. The effects of dietary dicarbonyls on the gut microbiota composition deserve further investigation.
Keywords: dietary advanced glycation end products; dietary dicarbonyls; UPLC-MS/MS; RCT; gut microbiota; 16S rRNA; alpha diversity; beta diversity; differential abundance dietary advanced glycation end products; dietary dicarbonyls; UPLC-MS/MS; RCT; gut microbiota; 16S rRNA; alpha diversity; beta diversity; differential abundance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Linkens, A.M.A.; van Best, N.; Niessen, P.M.; Wijckmans, N.E.G.; de Goei, E.E.C.; Scheijen, J.L.J.M.; van Dongen, M.C.J.M.; van Gool, C.C.J.A.W.; de Vos, W.M.; Houben, A.J.H.M.; et al. A 4-Week Diet Low or High in Advanced Glycation Endproducts Has Limited Impact on Gut Microbial Composition in Abdominally Obese Individuals: The deAGEing Trial. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105328

AMA Style

Linkens AMA, van Best N, Niessen PM, Wijckmans NEG, de Goei EEC, Scheijen JLJM, van Dongen MCJM, van Gool CCJAW, de Vos WM, Houben AJHM, et al. A 4-Week Diet Low or High in Advanced Glycation Endproducts Has Limited Impact on Gut Microbial Composition in Abdominally Obese Individuals: The deAGEing Trial. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(10):5328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105328

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linkens, Armand M. A., Niels van Best, Petra M. Niessen, Nicole E. G. Wijckmans, Erica E. C. de Goei, Jean L. J. M. Scheijen, Martien C. J. M. van Dongen, Christel C. J. A. W. van Gool, Willem M. de Vos, Alfons J. H. M. Houben, and et al. 2022. "A 4-Week Diet Low or High in Advanced Glycation Endproducts Has Limited Impact on Gut Microbial Composition in Abdominally Obese Individuals: The deAGEing Trial" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10: 5328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105328

APA Style

Linkens, A. M. A., van Best, N., Niessen, P. M., Wijckmans, N. E. G., de Goei, E. E. C., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., van Dongen, M. C. J. M., van Gool, C. C. J. A. W., de Vos, W. M., Houben, A. J. H. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Eussen, S. J. M. P., Penders, J., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2022). A 4-Week Diet Low or High in Advanced Glycation Endproducts Has Limited Impact on Gut Microbial Composition in Abdominally Obese Individuals: The deAGEing Trial. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(10), 5328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105328

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