Effects of Various Muscle Disuse States and Countermeasures on Muscle Molecular Signaling

Sharlo, Kristina; Tyganov, Sergey A.; Tomilovskaya, Elena; Popov, Daniil V.; Saveko, Alina A.; Shenkman, Boris S.

doi:10.3390/ijms23010468

Open AccessReview

Effects of Various Muscle Disuse States and Countermeasures on Muscle Molecular Signaling

by

Kristina Sharlo

^*

,

Sergey A. Tyganov

,

Elena Tomilovskaya

,

Daniil V. Popov

,

Alina A. Saveko

and

Boris S. Shenkman

Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow 123007, Russia

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(1), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010468

Submission received: 15 November 2021 / Revised: 24 December 2021 / Accepted: 30 December 2021 / Published: 31 December 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Muscle Molecular Signalling in Various Models of Disuse and Unloading)

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Abstract

Skeletal muscle is capable of changing its structural parameters, metabolic rate and functional characteristics within a wide range when adapting to various loading regimens and states of the organism. Prolonged muscle inactivation leads to serious negative consequences that affect the quality of life and work capacity of people. This review examines various conditions that lead to decreased levels of muscle loading and activity and describes the key molecular mechanisms of muscle responses to these conditions. It also details the theoretical foundations of various methods preventing adverse muscle changes caused by decreased motor activity and describes these methods. A number of recent studies presented in this review make it possible to determine the molecular basis of the countermeasure methods used in rehabilitation and space medicine for many years, as well as to identify promising new approaches to rehabilitation and to form a holistic understanding of the mechanisms of gravity force control over the muscular system.

Keywords: skeletal muscle; disuse; unloading; atrophy; disuse countermeasures; protein synthesis; protein breakdown; myosin phenotype; oxidative capacity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sharlo, K.; Tyganov, S.A.; Tomilovskaya, E.; Popov, D.V.; Saveko, A.A.; Shenkman, B.S. Effects of Various Muscle Disuse States and Countermeasures on Muscle Molecular Signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010468

AMA Style

Sharlo K, Tyganov SA, Tomilovskaya E, Popov DV, Saveko AA, Shenkman BS. Effects of Various Muscle Disuse States and Countermeasures on Muscle Molecular Signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(1):468. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010468

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sharlo, Kristina, Sergey A. Tyganov, Elena Tomilovskaya, Daniil V. Popov, Alina A. Saveko, and Boris S. Shenkman. 2022. "Effects of Various Muscle Disuse States and Countermeasures on Muscle Molecular Signaling" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1: 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010468

APA Style

Sharlo, K., Tyganov, S. A., Tomilovskaya, E., Popov, D. V., Saveko, A. A., & Shenkman, B. S. (2022). Effects of Various Muscle Disuse States and Countermeasures on Muscle Molecular Signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(1), 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010468

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Effects of Various Muscle Disuse States and Countermeasures on Muscle Molecular Signaling

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