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The Causes and Potential Injurious Effects of Elevated Serum Leptin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

1
Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
2
Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
3
State School of Higher Vocational Education in Koszalin, 75-582 Koszalin, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Olga V. Fedorova
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(9), 4685; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094685
Received: 30 March 2021 / Revised: 25 April 2021 / Accepted: 27 April 2021 / Published: 28 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leptin–Metabolic Programming and Its Endocrine Signals)
Leptin is an adipokine that regulates appetite and body mass and has many other pleiotropic functions, including regulating kidney function. Increased evidence shows that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with hyperleptinemia, but the reasons for this phenomenon are not fully understood. In this review, we focused on potential causes of hyperleptinemia in patients with CKD and the effects of elevated serum leptin levels on patient kidney function and cardiovascular risk. The available data indicate that the increased concentration of leptin in the blood of CKD patients may result from both decreased leptin elimination from the circulation by the kidneys (due to renal dysfunction) and increased leptin production by the adipose tissue. The overproduction of leptin by the adipose tissue could result from: (a) hyperinsulinemia; (b) chronic inflammation; and (c) significant lipid disturbances in CKD patients. Elevated leptin in CKD patients may further deteriorate kidney function and lead to increased cardiovascular risk. View Full-Text
Keywords: leptin; chronic kidney disease; cardiovascular risk; adipose tissue leptin; chronic kidney disease; cardiovascular risk; adipose tissue
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MDPI and ACS Style

Korczynska, J.; Czumaj, A.; Chmielewski, M.; Swierczynski, J.; Sledzinski, T. The Causes and Potential Injurious Effects of Elevated Serum Leptin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 4685. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094685

AMA Style

Korczynska J, Czumaj A, Chmielewski M, Swierczynski J, Sledzinski T. The Causes and Potential Injurious Effects of Elevated Serum Leptin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(9):4685. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094685

Chicago/Turabian Style

Korczynska, Justyna, Aleksandra Czumaj, Michal Chmielewski, Julian Swierczynski, and Tomasz Sledzinski. 2021. "The Causes and Potential Injurious Effects of Elevated Serum Leptin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9: 4685. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094685

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