Genetics of Host Protection against Helicobacter pylori Infections
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Helicobacter pylori–Human Host Interaction
3. Why Study Infectious Disease Genes?
4. Detection of Infectious Disease Genes: Candidate Gene Studies
5. Detection of Infectious Disease Genes: Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)
6. Presence in the Population of Different Strains of the Same Pathogen
7. Infectious Disease Genes Controlled at the Transcriptional Level
8. Hp Modulates Gene Expression through Epigenetics and Co-Infection
9. Resistance to Pathogen May Be Ephemeral
10. Potential Role of Hp against Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases
11. Hp and Metabolic Diseases
12. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Biological Function | Gene ID | Gene Name |
---|---|---|
Signal transduction | APC | Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) Regulator of WNT Signaling Pathway |
RASSF1A | Ras Association Domain Family Member 1 | |
Cell cycle regulation | CDH1 | Cadherin 1 |
CHFR | Checkpoint with Forkhead and Ring Finger Domains | |
P14/ARF | Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A | |
P15/INK4B | Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2B | |
P16/INK4A | Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A | |
Inflammatory response | COX-2 | Mitochondrially Encoded Cytochrome C Oxidase II |
Apoptosis | DAP-K | Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1 |
DNA repair | GSTP1 | Glutathione S-Transferase Pi 1 |
hMLH1 | MutL Homolog 1 | |
MGMT | O-6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase | |
Growth factor | HPP1 | Hyperpigmentation, Progressive, 1 |
Transcription factor | RUNX3 | RUNX Family Transcription Factor 3 |
Angiogenesis | THBS1 | Thrombospondin 1 |
TIMP3 | TIMP Metallopeptidase Inhibitor 3 |
Pathway Name | Gene ID | Gene Name | Fold Regulation 1 h | Fold Regulation 2 h |
---|---|---|---|---|
mTOR signaling pathway | RPTOR | Regulatory associated protein of mTOR complex 1 | −1.42 | 286.04 |
MLST8 | mTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog (S. cerevisiae) | −1.42 | 398.95 | |
AKT1 | V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 | −1.42 | 50.13 | |
AKT2 | V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 | −1.42 | 504.97 | |
INSR | Insulin receptor | −1.42 | 257.79 | |
IRS1 | Insulin receptor substrate 1 | −1.42 | 278.22 | |
PLD1 | Phospholipase D1, phosphatidylcholine-specific | −6.31 | 130.70 | |
RPS6KA2 | Ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 2 | −1.24 | 3.37 | |
PDPK1 | 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 | −1.53 | 28.25 | |
PIK3CB | Phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, beta polypeptide | −1.42 | 16.34 | |
PIK3CD | Phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, delta polypeptide | 3.37 | 184.83 | |
PIK3CG | Phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, gamma polypeptide | −1.42 | 215.28 | |
CHUK | Conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase | −4.08 | 181.03 | |
EIF4E | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E | −1.42 | 922.92 | |
HIFIA | Hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit | 192.93 | 955.47 | |
Inflammatory pathway | CXCL8 | Interleukin 8 | −3.29 | 2.96 |
IL-6 | Interleukin 6 | 14.45 | 114.56 | |
TLR2 | Toll-like receptor 2 | 58 | 72.18 | |
TLR9 | Toll-like receptor 9 | 3.29 | 134.55 | |
TNF | Tumor necrosis factor | 12.9 | 154.26 | |
Oxidative stress pathway | ATOX1 | ATX1 antioxidant protein 1 homolog (yeast) | 3.57 | 37.69 |
GPX2 | Glutathione peroxidase 2 (gastrointestinal) | 3.57 | 37.69 | |
GPX4 | Glutathione peroxidase 4 (gastrointestinal) | 3.57 | 37.69 | |
GSS | Glutathione synthetase | 3.57 | 9.54 | |
NOX5 | NADPH oxidase, EF-hand calcium binding domain 5 | 3.57 | 7.54 | |
SOD1 | Superoxide dismutase 1, soluble | −28.68 | −9.67 | |
SOD2 | Superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial | 3.96 | 4.04 |
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Capparelli, R.; Iannelli, D. Genetics of Host Protection against Helicobacter pylori Infections. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 3192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063192
Capparelli R, Iannelli D. Genetics of Host Protection against Helicobacter pylori Infections. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(6):3192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063192
Chicago/Turabian StyleCapparelli, Rosanna, and Domenico Iannelli. 2021. "Genetics of Host Protection against Helicobacter pylori Infections" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6: 3192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063192