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Volume 22
Issue 6
10.3390/ijms22062967
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Review

Do COVID-19 Infections Result in a Different Form of Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

by
Raymond Chu
1,†,
Charmaine van Eeden
2,†,
Sneha Suresh
3,
Wendy I. Sligl
4,
Mohammed Osman
2 and
Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert
2,*
1
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 7W9, Canada
2
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
3
Division of IHOPE, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
4
Department of Critical Care Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Co-first author, these authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(6), 2967; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062967
Received: 13 December 2020 / Revised: 12 February 2021 / Accepted: 10 March 2021 / Published: 15 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Molecular Studies in Biology and Chemistry)
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Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality across the world, with no current effective treatments available. Recent studies suggest the possibility of a cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-19, similar to the biochemical profile seen in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), raising the question of possible benefits that could be derived from targeted immunosuppression in severe COVID-19 patients. We reviewed the literature regarding the diagnosis and features of HLH, particularly secondary HLH, and aimed to identify gaps in the literature to truly clarify the existence of a COVID-19 associated HLH. Diagnostic criteria such as HScore or HLH-2004 may have suboptimal performance in identifying COVID-19 HLH-like presentations, and criteria such as soluble CD163, NK cell activity, or other novel biomarkers may be more useful in identifying this entity. View Full-Text
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; natural killer cells; cytokine storm; hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; macrophage activation syndrome COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; natural killer cells; cytokine storm; hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; macrophage activation syndrome
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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MDPI and ACS Style

Chu, R.; van Eeden, C.; Suresh, S.; Sligl, W.I.; Osman, M.; Cohen Tervaert, J.W. Do COVID-19 Infections Result in a Different Form of Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2967. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062967

AMA Style

Chu R, van Eeden C, Suresh S, Sligl WI, Osman M, Cohen Tervaert JW. Do COVID-19 Infections Result in a Different Form of Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(6):2967. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062967

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chu, Raymond, Charmaine van Eeden, Sneha Suresh, Wendy I. Sligl, Mohammed Osman, and Jan W. Cohen Tervaert. 2021. "Do COVID-19 Infections Result in a Different Form of Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6: 2967. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062967

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