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Article

Nc886, a Novel Suppressor of the Type I Interferon Response Upon Pathogen Intrusion

by
Yeon-Su Lee
1,
Xiaoyong Bao
2,
Hwi-Ho Lee
3,
Jiyoung Joan Jang
3,
Enkhjin Saruuldalai
3,
Gaeul Park
1,
Wonkyun Ronny Im
3,4,
Jong-Lyul Park
5,6,
Seon-Young Kim
5,6,
Sooyong Shin
4,
Sung Ho Jeon
4,
Sangmin Kang
3,
Hyun-Sung Lee
7,
Ju-Seog Lee
8,
Ke Zhang
2,
Eun Jung Park
3,
In-Hoo Kim
3 and
Yong Sun Lee
3,*
1
Division of Clinical Cancer Research, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
2
Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
3
Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
4
Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
5
Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
6
Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
7
Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
8
Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(4), 2003; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042003
Submission received: 26 January 2021 / Revised: 9 February 2021 / Accepted: 9 February 2021 / Published: 18 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-coding RNAs in Pathogen-Host Interaction)
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Abstract

Interferons (IFNs) are a crucial component in the innate immune response. Especially the IFN-β signaling operates in most cell types and plays a key role in the first line of defense upon pathogen intrusion. The induction of IFN-β should be tightly controlled, because its hyperactivation can lead to tissue damage or autoimmune diseases. Activation of the IFN-β promoter needs Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3), together with Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and Activator Protein 1 (AP-1). Here we report that a human noncoding RNA, nc886, is a novel suppressor for the IFN-β signaling and inflammation. Upon treatment with several pathogen-associated molecular patterns and viruses, nc886 suppresses the activation of IRF3 and also inhibits NF-κB and AP-1 via inhibiting Protein Kinase R (PKR). These events lead to decreased expression of IFN-β and resultantly IFN-stimulated genes. nc886′s role might be to restrict the IFN-β signaling from hyperactivation. Since nc886 expression is regulated by epigenetic and environmental factors, nc886 might explain why innate immune responses to pathogens are variable depending on biological settings.
Keywords: nc886; pathogen; interferon; Protein Kinase R; Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 nc886; pathogen; interferon; Protein Kinase R; Interferon Regulatory Factor 3

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lee, Y.-S.; Bao, X.; Lee, H.-H.; Jang, J.J.; Saruuldalai, E.; Park, G.; Im, W.R.; Park, J.-L.; Kim, S.-Y.; Shin, S.; et al. Nc886, a Novel Suppressor of the Type I Interferon Response Upon Pathogen Intrusion. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042003

AMA Style

Lee Y-S, Bao X, Lee H-H, Jang JJ, Saruuldalai E, Park G, Im WR, Park J-L, Kim S-Y, Shin S, et al. Nc886, a Novel Suppressor of the Type I Interferon Response Upon Pathogen Intrusion. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(4):2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042003

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lee, Yeon-Su, Xiaoyong Bao, Hwi-Ho Lee, Jiyoung Joan Jang, Enkhjin Saruuldalai, Gaeul Park, Wonkyun Ronny Im, Jong-Lyul Park, Seon-Young Kim, Sooyong Shin, and et al. 2021. "Nc886, a Novel Suppressor of the Type I Interferon Response Upon Pathogen Intrusion" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4: 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042003

APA Style

Lee, Y.-S., Bao, X., Lee, H.-H., Jang, J. J., Saruuldalai, E., Park, G., Im, W. R., Park, J.-L., Kim, S.-Y., Shin, S., Jeon, S. H., Kang, S., Lee, H.-S., Lee, J.-S., Zhang, K., Park, E. J., Kim, I.-H., & Lee, Y. S. (2021). Nc886, a Novel Suppressor of the Type I Interferon Response Upon Pathogen Intrusion. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4), 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042003

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