Impact of Liposomal Drug Formulations on the RBCs Shape, Transmembrane Potential, and Mechanical Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Liposome Characterization: Size Distribution and Encapsulation Efficiency
2.2. Electron Microscopy Visualization of Liposomal Formulation
2.3. Photolon Liposomal Formulations Hemolytic Activity
2.4. RBCs Osmotic Resistance Changes under Liposomal Formulation Impact
2.5. RBCs Transmembrane Potential Changes upon LUVs Modification
2.6. Biomechanical Parameters of RBCs upon LUVs Interaction
2.7. Microscopic Evaluation of the RBCs Shape
2.8. Confocal Microscopy Study of RBCs-LUVs Photolon Redistribution
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Liposome Preparation Protocol
3.2. Size Distribution and Zeta Potential Measurements of the Photoactive Liposomal Formulation
3.3. Encapsulation Efficiency of the Photoactive Liposomal Formulation
3.4. Electron Microscopy Visualization of Liposomal Formulation
3.5. Animals and Blood Samples Collection
3.6. Photolon Liposomal Formulations Hemolytic Activity Examination
3.7. Assessment of the Osmotic Resistance of RBCs Exposed to Liposomal Formulations
3.8. Erythrocytes Transmembrane Potential Measurement
3.9. Biomechanical Parameters of RBCs
3.10. Shape of RBCs Assessment
3.11. Confocal Microscopy of Erythrocytes
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Average Size [nm] | PDI [–] | Zeta Potential [mV] | EE [%] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | 121 ± 8 | 0.15 | −50.3 ± 7 | 89 ± 6 |
P2 | 128 ± 10 | 0.18 | −51.7 ± 10 | 93 ± 9 |
P3 | 132 ± 7 | 0.17 | −48.7 ± 9 | 91 ± 8 |
Transmembrane Potential of RBCs [mV] | |
---|---|
control | −15.6 ± 2.6 |
P1 | −19.6 ± 1.9 * |
P2 | −20.9 ± 2.1 * |
P3 | −16.0 ± 1.9 |
RBCs Stiffness [pN/μm] | |
---|---|
control | 32 ± 3 |
P1 | 21 ± 4 * |
P2 | 20 ± 4 * |
P3 | 26 ± 3 |
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Cyboran-Mikołajczyk, S.; Sareło, P.; Pasławski, R.; Pasławska, U.; Przybyło, M.; Nowak, K.; Płóciennik, M.; Podbielska, H.; Kopaczyńska, M.; Wawrzyńska, M. Impact of Liposomal Drug Formulations on the RBCs Shape, Transmembrane Potential, and Mechanical Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041710
Cyboran-Mikołajczyk S, Sareło P, Pasławski R, Pasławska U, Przybyło M, Nowak K, Płóciennik M, Podbielska H, Kopaczyńska M, Wawrzyńska M. Impact of Liposomal Drug Formulations on the RBCs Shape, Transmembrane Potential, and Mechanical Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(4):1710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041710
Chicago/Turabian StyleCyboran-Mikołajczyk, Sylwia, Przemysław Sareło, Robert Pasławski, Urszula Pasławska, Magdalena Przybyło, Kacper Nowak, Michał Płóciennik, Halina Podbielska, Marta Kopaczyńska, and Magdalena Wawrzyńska. 2021. "Impact of Liposomal Drug Formulations on the RBCs Shape, Transmembrane Potential, and Mechanical Properties" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4: 1710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041710