Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Oleanolic Acid Derivatives as Selective Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Promoter i-Motif Ligands
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chemistry
2.2. Initial Screening
2.3. 3c Could Selectively Bind to VEGF i-Motif Structure
2.4. 3c Could Induce the Formation of VEGF i-Motif
2.5. 3c Could Downregulate VEGF Gene Transcription and Protein Expression
2.6. 3c Could Induce Apoptosis and Inhibit Proliferation and Metastasis of Cancer Cells
2.7. Molecular Modeling
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. General Materials
4.2. Synthesis
4.3. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Assay
4.4. Microscale Thermophoresis (MST) Assay
4.5. TO Displacement Assay
4.6. ESI-MS Assay
4.7. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Assay
4.8. Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy
4.9. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Assay
4.10. NMR Titration Experiment
4.11. Cell Culture
4.12. MTT Assay
4.13. Colony Formation Assay
4.14. Cell Scrape Assay
4.15. Flow Cytometric Analysis
4.16. Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay
4.17. RNA Extraction and Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
4.18. Western Blot Assay
4.19. Molecular Docking
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Comp. | KD (μM) 1 | TO (%) 2 | ΔTm (°C) 3 | Comp. | KD (μM) | TO (%) | ΔTm (°C) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Py24 | Pu24 | Duplex | Py24 | Py24 | Py24 | Pu24 | Duplex | Py24 | Py24 | ||
OA-His | 13.3 | >50 4 | >50 | n.d. 5 | 6.2 | 4g | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
3b | 11.4 | >50 | >50 | 27% | 1.0 | 4h | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
3c | 1.95 | >50 | >50 | 67% | 19.1 | 4i | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
3d | 12.1 | >50 | >50 | 13%. | −1.6 | 4j | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
3e | 13.8 | >50 | >50 | 20% | 0.6 | 4k | 12.3 | >50 | >50 | 15% | 3.3 |
3f | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. | 4l | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
3g | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. | 4m | 10.6 | >50 | >50 | 24% | 1.8 |
3h | 3.09 | >50 | >50 | 37% | 0.5 | 4n | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
3i | 5.01 | >50 | >50 | 51% | 7.0 | 4o | 12.0 | >50 | >50 | 25% | 0.1 |
3j | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. | 8a | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
3k | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. | 8b | 31.3 | >50 | >50 | 10% | −0.3 |
3l | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. | 8c | 21.1 | >50 | >50 | 5% | 0.2 |
3m | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. | 8d | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
3n | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. | 8e | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
3o | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. | 8f | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
3p | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. | 8g | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
3q | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. | 8h | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
4a | 19.3 | >50 | >50 | 19% | 1.8 | 9 | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
4b | 13.0 | >50 | >50 | 16% | 1.9 | 10a | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
4c | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. | 10b | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
4d | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. | 10c | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
4e | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. | 10d | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
4f | >50 | >50 | >50 | n.d. | n.d. |
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Zeng, H.; Kang, S.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, K.; Yu, Q.; Li, D.; An, L.-K. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Oleanolic Acid Derivatives as Selective Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Promoter i-Motif Ligands. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041711
Zeng H, Kang S, Zhang Y, Liu K, Yu Q, Li D, An L-K. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Oleanolic Acid Derivatives as Selective Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Promoter i-Motif Ligands. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(4):1711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041711
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeng, Huang, Shuangshuang Kang, Yu Zhang, Ke Liu, Qian Yu, Ding Li, and Lin-Kun An. 2021. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Oleanolic Acid Derivatives as Selective Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Promoter i-Motif Ligands" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4: 1711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041711