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Review

Tumor-Associated Microbiome: Where Do We Stand?

by
Marc Oliva
1,2,*,†,
Nuria Mulet-Margalef
1,2,†,
Maria Ochoa-De-Olza
3,4,
Stefania Napoli
5,
Joan Mas
2,6,7,
Berta Laquente
1,2,
Laia Alemany
7,8,9,
Eric J. Duell
2,6,7,
Paolo Nuciforo
5 and
Victor Moreno
2,6,7
1
Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Catalonia, Spain
2
ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Catalonia, Spain
3
Service of Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
4
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland
5
Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
6
Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Catalonia, Spain
7
Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
8
Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Catalonia, Spain
9
EPIBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Catalonia, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(3), 1446; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031446
Submission received: 9 January 2021 / Revised: 26 January 2021 / Accepted: 28 January 2021 / Published: 1 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiota and Cancer)
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Abstract

The study of the human microbiome in oncology is a growing and rapidly evolving field. In the past few years, there has been an exponential increase in the number of studies investigating associations of microbiome and cancer, from oncogenesis and cancer progression to resistance or sensitivity to specific anticancer therapies. The gut microbiome is now known to play a significant role in antitumor immune responses and in predicting the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients. Beyond the gut, the tumor-associated microbiome—microbe communities located either in the tumor or within its body compartment—seems to interact with the local microenvironment and the tumor immune contexture, ultimately impacting cancer progression and treatment outcome. However, pre-clinical research focusing on causality and mechanistic pathways as well as proof-of-concept studies are still needed to fully understand the potential clinical utility of microbiome in cancer patients. Moreover, there is a need for the standardization of methodology and the implementation of quality control across microbiome studies to allow for a better interpretation and greater comparability of the results reported between them. This review summarizes the accumulating evidence in the field and discusses the current and upcoming challenges of microbiome studies.
Keywords: tumor microbiome; gut microbiome; dysbiosis; cancer; carcinogenesis; metagenomics tumor microbiome; gut microbiome; dysbiosis; cancer; carcinogenesis; metagenomics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Oliva, M.; Mulet-Margalef, N.; Ochoa-De-Olza, M.; Napoli, S.; Mas, J.; Laquente, B.; Alemany, L.; Duell, E.J.; Nuciforo, P.; Moreno, V. Tumor-Associated Microbiome: Where Do We Stand? Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1446. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031446

AMA Style

Oliva M, Mulet-Margalef N, Ochoa-De-Olza M, Napoli S, Mas J, Laquente B, Alemany L, Duell EJ, Nuciforo P, Moreno V. Tumor-Associated Microbiome: Where Do We Stand? International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(3):1446. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031446

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oliva, Marc, Nuria Mulet-Margalef, Maria Ochoa-De-Olza, Stefania Napoli, Joan Mas, Berta Laquente, Laia Alemany, Eric J. Duell, Paolo Nuciforo, and Victor Moreno. 2021. "Tumor-Associated Microbiome: Where Do We Stand?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3: 1446. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031446

APA Style

Oliva, M., Mulet-Margalef, N., Ochoa-De-Olza, M., Napoli, S., Mas, J., Laquente, B., Alemany, L., Duell, E. J., Nuciforo, P., & Moreno, V. (2021). Tumor-Associated Microbiome: Where Do We Stand? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(3), 1446. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031446

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