Rheum rhaponticum Root Extract Improves Vasomotor Menopausal Symptoms and Estrogen-Regulated Targets in Ovariectomized Rat Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. ERr 731 and E2 Treatments Lower Tskin in OVX Rat Model
2.2. Dose-Dependent Effects of ERr 731 Treatment
2.3. Replacement Effects of ERr 731 in OVX Rats Receiving E2
2.4. Plasma Levels of Rhubarb Extract Bioactives
2.5. Hypothalamic Gene Expression Profiles for ERα/β Target Genes and Peptides
2.6. ERr 731 Shows a Selective ERβ Agonist Activity In Vitro
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals
4.2. Monitoring of Tail Skin Temperature Tskin
4.3. Animal Study 1: Model Validation
4.4. Animal Study 2: Dose Response
4.5. Animal Study 3: Replacement Therapy
4.6. Quantification of Plasma Rhaponticin
4.7. Gene Expression Studies
4.8. Estrogen Receptor Activity
4.9. Statistics
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
E2 | 17β-estradiol |
ERr 731 | Siberian rhubarb Rheum rhaponticum L. root extract |
ERα/β | Estrogen receptor α/β |
HRT | Hormone replacement therapy |
OVX | Ovariectomized |
Tskin | Skin temperature |
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Wilson, M.; Konda, V.; Heidt, K.; Rathinasabapathy, T.; Desai, A.; Komarnytsky, S. Rheum rhaponticum Root Extract Improves Vasomotor Menopausal Symptoms and Estrogen-Regulated Targets in Ovariectomized Rat Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031032
Wilson M, Konda V, Heidt K, Rathinasabapathy T, Desai A, Komarnytsky S. Rheum rhaponticum Root Extract Improves Vasomotor Menopausal Symptoms and Estrogen-Regulated Targets in Ovariectomized Rat Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(3):1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031032
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilson, Mickey, Veera Konda, Kathryn Heidt, Thirumurugan Rathinasabapathy, Anuradha Desai, and Slavko Komarnytsky. 2021. "Rheum rhaponticum Root Extract Improves Vasomotor Menopausal Symptoms and Estrogen-Regulated Targets in Ovariectomized Rat Model" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3: 1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031032