The Link between Gut Dysbiosis Caused by a High-Fat Diet and Hearing Loss
Department of Physiology and The Eisdell Moore Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Academic Editor: María Pascual
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(24), 13177; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413177
Received: 9 November 2021
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Revised: 2 December 2021
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Accepted: 6 December 2021
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Published: 7 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Immunity 2.0)
This review aims to provide a conceptual and theoretical overview of the association between gut dysbiosis and hearing loss. Hearing loss is a global health issue; the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 2.5 billion people will be living with some degree of hearing loss by 2050. The aetiology of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is complex and multifactorial, arising from congenital and acquired causes. Recent evidence suggests that impaired gut health may also be a risk factor for SNHL. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 2 diabetes, diet-induced obesity (DIO), and high-fat diet (HFD) all show links to hearing loss. Previous studies have shown that a HFD can result in microangiopathy, impaired insulin signalling, and oxidative stress in the inner ear. A HFD can also induce pathological shifts in gut microbiota and affect intestinal barrier (IB) integrity, leading to a leaky gut. A leaky gut can result in chronic systemic inflammation, which may affect extraintestinal organs. Here, we postulate that changes in gut microbiota resulting from a chronic HFD and DIO may cause a systemic inflammatory response that can compromise the permeability of the blood–labyrinth barrier (BLB) in the inner ear, thus inducing cochlear inflammation and hearing deficits.
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Keywords:
gastrointestinal tract; inner ear; high-fat diet; obesity; microbiota; dysbiosis; hearing loss
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MDPI and ACS Style
Kociszewska, D.; Chan, J.; Thorne, P.R.; Vlajkovic, S.M. The Link between Gut Dysbiosis Caused by a High-Fat Diet and Hearing Loss. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 13177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413177
AMA Style
Kociszewska D, Chan J, Thorne PR, Vlajkovic SM. The Link between Gut Dysbiosis Caused by a High-Fat Diet and Hearing Loss. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(24):13177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413177
Chicago/Turabian StyleKociszewska, Dagmara, Jeffrey Chan, Peter R. Thorne, and Srdjan M. Vlajkovic. 2021. "The Link between Gut Dysbiosis Caused by a High-Fat Diet and Hearing Loss" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 24: 13177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413177
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