Roles of Two-Component Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. TCSs in P. aeruginosa
3. Virulence of P. aeruginosa
4. Key Virulence Factors in P. aeruginosa
4.1. Biofilm, a City of Microbes
4.1.1. Role of TCSs in Each Stage of Biofilm Formation
4.1.2. TCS Involvement in Controlling Biofilm Formation
4.2. Motility System
4.2.1. Role of TCSs in Swimming and Swarming Motilities
4.2.2. Role of TCSs in Twitching Motility
4.3. Pyocyanin
TCSs Responsible for Pyocyanin Production
4.4. Secretory System and Secreted Virulence Factors
4.4.1. Secretory System
4.4.2. TCSs That Influence the Secretion Systems and Their Substrates
5. TCSs as Targets for Drug Development
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bacterial Strain | Genome Size (Mbp) | Number of Genes (NCBI Ref Seq No.) | Sensor Kinase | Response Regulator | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 | 6.26 | 5697 (NC_002516.2) | 63 | 64 | [18,24] |
Escherichia coli K12 | 4.64 | 4609 (NC_000913.3) | 28 | 32 | [25,28] |
Klebsiella pneumoniae HS11286 | 5.33 | 5404 (NC_016845.1) | 32 | 32 | [23,26] |
Acinetobacter baumanni XH386 | 4.09 | 4062 (CP010779.1) | 14 | 15 | [23,27] |
Virulence | Description | Gene | Virulence Factor | TCS | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biofilm | Reversible attachment/adherence | fleSR operon | Flagella | FleSR | [40] |
pilA | Type IV pili | PilSR | [41]. | ||
cupB, cupC | CupC fimbriae | RocS1-RocR-RocA1 | [42] | ||
Irreversible attachment | algD | Alginate | FimS-AlgR, KinB-AlgB | [43,44,45,46] | |
cafA | Rnase G | BfiSR | [47] | ||
Microcolony | psl, pel | Exopolysaccharides (Pel, Psl) | GacSA, RetS | [23,48,49,50,51] | |
cupD | CupD fimbriae | RcsCB, PvrSR | [52] | ||
PA5330 | MifSR | [53] | |||
Maturation | phdA | eDNA | BfmSR | [54] | |
cupE | Cup E fimbriae | PprAB | [55] | ||
Dispersion | rhlAB operon | Rhamnolipid | BqsSR | [56] | |
Motility | Swimming/ Swarming | fleSR operon | Flagella | FleSR | [40,57,58] |
GacSA | [59] | ||||
CreCB | [60] | ||||
carP | CarSR | [19,61] | |||
Twitching | pilA | Type IV pili | PilSR | [41,62,63] | |
fimU, pilV, pilW, pilX, pilE, pilY1 | FimS-AlgR | [64,65,66] | |||
PilT, pilU, fimX, pilB, pilZ | ChpA-PilG | [67,68] | |||
Pigment | Pyocyanin | phz | Pyocyanin | GacSA-LadS-RetS | [59] |
carP | CarSR | [61] | |||
pqsA, phnA | BqsSR | [56] | |||
PA2573-PA2572 | [69] | ||||
lasI, rhlR, pqsA, mvfR | PhoRB | [70] | |||
czcR | AlgZR | [71] | |||
Toxin | Secreted by Type II, Type III secretion systems | cbpE | CbpE | TtsSR | [72] |
toxA | ToxA | GtrS-GltR | [73] | ||
Type III secretion | GacS-LadS-RetS, CsrA/RsmA | [74,75] | |||
rhlR | Elastase | RsmA | [76] | ||
exoU | ExoU | LadS | [77] | ||
exoY, exoT, | ExoY, ExoT | RocS1-RocR-RocA1 | [78] | ||
exoT, exoS | ExoT, ExoS | CbrAB | [79] | ||
exoS | ExoS | PA2573-PA2572 | [69] | ||
lasI, rhlR, pqsA, mvfR | Cytotoxicity | PhoRB | [70] | ||
algD | FimS-AlgR | [19,46] |
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Sultan, M.; Arya, R.; Kim, K.K. Roles of Two-Component Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12152. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212152
Sultan M, Arya R, Kim KK. Roles of Two-Component Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(22):12152. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212152
Chicago/Turabian StyleSultan, Maria, Rekha Arya, and Kyeong Kyu Kim. 2021. "Roles of Two-Component Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22: 12152. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212152