Acute Cycling Exercise Induces Changes in Red Blood Cell Deformability and Membrane Lipid Remodeling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Exercise Testing
2.2. Distinct Metabolite Profiles in RBC and Plasma Fractions
2.3. Acute Metabolic Alterations in Plasma during Cycling
2.4. Metabolic Markers of Membrane Remodeling in RBC
2.5. Formation of Red Blood Cell Microparticles during Exercise
2.6. Increased White Blood Cells (WBCs), RBCs, Hemoglobin (Hb), and Hematocrit (HCT) Following Exercise
2.7. Reduced RBC Deformability and Increased RBC Aggregation during Exercise
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Subjects
4.2. Cycling Exercise
4.3. Incremental Maximal Cycling Test
4.4. Submaximal Cycling Exercise
4.5. Blood Sampling and Whole Blood Lactate Measurement
4.6. Metabolomics and Lipidomics Assessment
4.6.1. Sample Collection
4.6.2. Sample Preparation
4.7. UHPLC–MS Analysis for Metabolomics
4.8. UHPLC–MS Analysis for Lipidomics
4.9. Hematological and RBC Rheological Parameters
4.10. Analysis of PS and CD235a Exposure
4.11. MPs Extraction and Quantification
4.12. Statistical Analyses for Hematological, RBC Rheological, PS, CD235a, and MP Data
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AC | Acylcarnitine |
ADP | Adenosine diphosphate |
ALT | Alanine aminotransferase |
AMPD3 | Adenosine deaminase 3 |
CoA | Coenzyme A |
CD235a | Gycophorin A |
CPT | Carnitine palmitoyltransferase |
DPG | Diphosphoglycerate |
EImax | Maximum elongation index |
FA | Fatty acid |
HCA | Hierarchical clustering analysis |
IDP | Inosine diphosphate |
LC-MS | Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry |
LPC | Lysophatidylcholine |
LPLAT | Lysophospholipid acyltransferase |
MAP | Maximal aerobic power |
MCHC | Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration |
MCV | Mean corpuscular volume |
MFI | Mean fluorescence intensity |
MP | Microparticle |
NAD+PLS-DA | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidePartial least-squares discriminant analysis |
PS | Phosphatidylserine |
PVP | Polyvinylpyrrolidone |
RBC | Red blood cell |
RDW | Red blood cell distribution width |
SpO2 | Blood oxygen saturation |
TCA | Tricarboxylic acid |
UDP | Uridine diphosphate |
VO2max | Maximal oxygen uptake |
VIP | Variable importance in project |
VT1 | Ventilatory threshold 1 |
WB | Whole blood |
WBC | White blood cell |
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n | 8 |
---|---|
Age (years) | 35 ± 8 |
Weight (kg) | 65.8 ± 6.4 |
Height (cm) | 176.1 ±2.2 |
VO2max (mL/min/kg) | 70.5 ± 5.8 |
HRmax (BPM) | 188 ± 11 |
MAP (W) | 373 ± 39 |
Percent HRmax at VT1 (%) | 85.95 ± 3.4 |
Percent MAP at VT1 (%) | 69.88 ± 5.0 |
Exercise duration (min) | 20.1 ± 1.8 |
Pre | Post | |
---|---|---|
Aggregation M | 4.95 ± 2.47 | 6.03 ± 1.35 * |
Aggregation M1 | 8.35 ± 2.71 | 9.76 ± 1.30 * |
WBCs (103/uL) | 4.84 ± 0.93 | 6.76 ± 1.34 ** |
RBCs (106/uL) | 4.76 ± 0.30 | 5.01 ± 0.42 * |
HGB (g/dL) | 14.30 ± 0.90 | 15.11 ± 1.35 * |
HCT % | 43.26 ± 2.94 | 45.56 ± 3.84 * |
MCV fL | 90.90 ± 3.21 | 90.97 ± 2.77 |
MCH pg | 30.06 ± 0.96 | 30.16 ± 0.69 |
MCHC g/dL | 33.07 ± 0.74 | 33.05 ± 0.86 |
RDW-SD fL | 43.27 ± 2.06 | 43.26 ± 1.84 |
PLTs (103/uL) | 204.75 ± 43.13 | 237.25 ± 60.92 |
Alanine | Biliverdin | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shear Stress | R2 | p-Value | R2 | p-Value |
0.3 Pa | 0.1739 | 0.108 | 0.2426 | 0.053 |
0.53 Pa | 0.2507 | 0.049 | 0.3691 | 0.013 |
0.95 Pa | 0.4008 | 0.009 | 0.4506 | 0.004 |
1.69 Pa | 0.3765 | 0.012 | 0.3888 | 0.01 |
3 Pa | 0.3290 | 0.02 | 0.3150 | 0.024 |
5.33 Pa | 0.4162 | 0.007 | 0.3115 | 0.024 |
9.49 Pa | 0.4270 | 0.006 | 0.2878 | 0.032 |
16.87 Pa | 0.4630 | 0.004 | 0.3684 | 0.013 |
30 Pa | 0.4354 | 0.006 | 0.4398 | 0.005 |
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Nemkov, T.; Skinner, S.C.; Nader, E.; Stefanoni, D.; Robert, M.; Cendali, F.; Stauffer, E.; Cibiel, A.; Boisson, C.; Connes, P.; et al. Acute Cycling Exercise Induces Changes in Red Blood Cell Deformability and Membrane Lipid Remodeling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 896. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020896
Nemkov T, Skinner SC, Nader E, Stefanoni D, Robert M, Cendali F, Stauffer E, Cibiel A, Boisson C, Connes P, et al. Acute Cycling Exercise Induces Changes in Red Blood Cell Deformability and Membrane Lipid Remodeling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(2):896. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020896
Chicago/Turabian StyleNemkov, Travis, Sarah C. Skinner, Elie Nader, Davide Stefanoni, Mélanie Robert, Francesca Cendali, Emeric Stauffer, Agnes Cibiel, Camille Boisson, Philippe Connes, and et al. 2021. "Acute Cycling Exercise Induces Changes in Red Blood Cell Deformability and Membrane Lipid Remodeling" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2: 896. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020896