Dynamic Changes in the Ability to Release Neutrophil ExtraCellular Traps in the Course of Childhood Acute Leukemias
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. NET Release is Impaired in Children with Acute Leukemia
2.2. NET Formation Impairment is Retained During Infections
2.3. Induction Therapy Does Not Restore NET Release In Vitro
2.4. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Restores NETs Formation
2.5. NETs Release Changes Dynamically During the Treatment of Acute Leukemia
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Group
4.2. Isolation of Neutrophils from Peripheral Blood
4.3. Quantitative NET Formation Measurement
4.4. Microscopic Evaluation of NET Formation
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patient ID | Age at Diagnosis | Sex | WBC at Diagnosis [G/L] | Type of Leukemia | Response to 1st Induction Therapy at Day 30 | BMT Donor | Time of Analysis (Days after BMT) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8 | 14 | F | 1.1 | Common ALL | Remission | Sibling | 197 |
14 | 14 | M | 12.4 | Common ALL | No remission | Unrelated | 209 |
15 | 5 | M | 7.6 | Common ALL | Remission | Sibling | 242 |
16 | 5 | F | 3.9 | Common ALL | Remission | Sibling | 213 |
Diagnosis | Number of Patients (n) | Sex (Females/ Males) | Age (Years) Median (min–max) | WBC at Diagnosis (Mean +/− SD) (G/L) | Neutrophil at Diagnosis (Mean +/− SD) (G/L) | PLT at Diagnosis (Mean +/− SD) (G/L) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALL | common B | 24 | 13/11 | 4 (1–14) | 12.85 ± 20.7 | 1.7 ± 3.35 | 133.9 ± 112.2 |
pre-B | 6 | 4/2 | 9.5 (1–16) | 13.36 ± 8.4 | 3.47 ± 3.7 | 66.2 ± 23.5 | |
pro-B | 3 | 2/1 | 7 (1–8) | 235.5 ± 402.2 | 0.3 ± 0.36 | 50.33 ± 26.63 | |
T-cell | 4 | 1/3 | 7.5 (6–9) | 101.02 ± 104.23 | 34.87 ± 44.44 | 84.5 ± 20.2 | |
AML | M0 | 1 | 1/0 | 11 | 1 | 0.2 | 26 |
M1 | 2 | 2/0 | 10 (8–12) | 3.95 ± 63.3 | 17.37 ± 16.74 | 29.48 ± 44.74 | |
M4 | 1 | 1/0 | 16 | 145.6 | 123 | 59 | |
M0/M1 | 1 | 1/0 | 1 | 6.9 | n/d | 62 | |
M1/M2 | 2 | 2/0 | 8.5 (8–9) | 7.05 ± 8.99 | 1.7 +/− 1.84 | 331.5 ± 412.24 | |
M4/M5 | 1 | 0/1 | 2 | 8.1 | 1.6 | 79 | |
Control group | 28 | 13/15 | 9 (1–16) | 8.7 ± 2.4 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 283.6 ± 65 |
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Ostafin, M.; Ciepiela, O.; Pruchniak, M.; Wachowska, M.; Ulińska, E.; Mrówka, P.; Głodkowska-Mrówka, E.; Demkow, U. Dynamic Changes in the Ability to Release Neutrophil ExtraCellular Traps in the Course of Childhood Acute Leukemias. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020821
Ostafin M, Ciepiela O, Pruchniak M, Wachowska M, Ulińska E, Mrówka P, Głodkowska-Mrówka E, Demkow U. Dynamic Changes in the Ability to Release Neutrophil ExtraCellular Traps in the Course of Childhood Acute Leukemias. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(2):821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020821
Chicago/Turabian StyleOstafin, Magdalena, Olga Ciepiela, Michał Pruchniak, Małgorzata Wachowska, Edyta Ulińska, Piotr Mrówka, Eliza Głodkowska-Mrówka, and Urszula Demkow. 2021. "Dynamic Changes in the Ability to Release Neutrophil ExtraCellular Traps in the Course of Childhood Acute Leukemias" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2: 821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020821