Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae Are a Driving Force for Horizontal Gene Transfer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characterization of Isolated K. pneumoniae-OMVs
2.2. DNA Packaging in K. pneumoniae OMVs
2.3. OMVs Mediate the Plasmid Intraspecies Transfer
2.4. OMVs Induce the Generalized Resistance Spread
2.5. OMVs Stability over Time
2.6. Diagnostic Transformed Strains Characterization
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Strains, Plasmids and Growing Conditions
4.2. OMVs Purification
4.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
4.4. OMVs Size Characterization by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
4.5. OMVs Protein Profile by Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS)
4.6. Intra-Vesicular DNA Analysis
4.7. OMVs-Mediated Gene Transfer
4.8. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Screening
4.9. Antibiotic Susceptibility Test
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dell’Annunziata, F.; Dell’Aversana, C.; Doti, N.; Donadio, G.; Dal Piaz, F.; Izzo, V.; De Filippis, A.; Galdiero, M.; Altucci, L.; Boccia, G.; et al. Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae Are a Driving Force for Horizontal Gene Transfer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 8732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168732
Dell’Annunziata F, Dell’Aversana C, Doti N, Donadio G, Dal Piaz F, Izzo V, De Filippis A, Galdiero M, Altucci L, Boccia G, et al. Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae Are a Driving Force for Horizontal Gene Transfer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(16):8732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168732
Chicago/Turabian StyleDell’Annunziata, Federica, Carmela Dell’Aversana, Nunzianna Doti, Giuliana Donadio, Fabrizio Dal Piaz, Viviana Izzo, Anna De Filippis, Marilena Galdiero, Lucia Altucci, Giovanni Boccia, and et al. 2021. "Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae Are a Driving Force for Horizontal Gene Transfer" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16: 8732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168732