Astroglial and Microglial Purinergic P2X7 Receptor as a Major Contributor to Neuroinflammation during the Course of Multiple Sclerosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroinflammation
2.1. Neuroinflammation during the Course of MS
2.2. Microglia as Contributors to MS-Related Neuroinflammation
2.3. Astroglia as Contributors to MS-Related Neuroinflammation
3. P2X7R-Mediated Signaling in Glial Cells
3.1. Purinergic P2X7 Receptor—General Characteristic
3.2. P2X7R-Mediated Signaling in Microglia
3.3. P2X7R-Mediated Signaling in Astroglia
4. The Involvement of Glial P2X7R-Dependent Signaling into MS Pathology
4.1. Microglial P2X7R-Mediated Signaling in MS/EAE
4.2. Astroglial P2X7R
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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P2X7 Targeting Approach | Model | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Brilliant blue G (antagonist) | Acute EAE rats | Reduced onset of the disease; reduced astrogliosis and microglia proliferation | [35] [109] |
Brilliant blue G (antagonist) | Chronic EAE mice | Reduced demyelination; ameliorated neurological abnormalities | [103] |
Oxidized ATP (oxATP antagonist) | Chronic EAE mice | Inhibition of clinical symptoms and demyelination; reduce antigen T cell | [106] |
Cuprizone (demyelination inducer) | P2X7 null mice | Inhibition of astrogliosis and microglia activation | [108] |
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Sidoryk-Węgrzynowicz, M.; Strużyńska, L. Astroglial and Microglial Purinergic P2X7 Receptor as a Major Contributor to Neuroinflammation during the Course of Multiple Sclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 8404. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168404
Sidoryk-Węgrzynowicz M, Strużyńska L. Astroglial and Microglial Purinergic P2X7 Receptor as a Major Contributor to Neuroinflammation during the Course of Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(16):8404. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168404
Chicago/Turabian StyleSidoryk-Węgrzynowicz, Marta, and Lidia Strużyńska. 2021. "Astroglial and Microglial Purinergic P2X7 Receptor as a Major Contributor to Neuroinflammation during the Course of Multiple Sclerosis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16: 8404. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168404