The Effects of Aβ1-42 Binding to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Aβ1-42 Binds to Viral Proteins with a High Affinity to the S1 of SARS-CoV-2
2.2. Aβ1-42 Binds to hACE2 and Strengthens the Binding of the S1 of SARS-CoV-2 to hACE2
2.3. Aβ1-42 Increases the Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus and IL-6 in Host Cells
2.4. The Extracellular Domain (ECD) of the S Protein of SARS-CoV-2 (SPECD) Reduces Aβ Clearance in the Blood
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Generation of SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus
4.3. Confocal Microscopy and Flow Cytometry for Measuring the Pseudoviral Infection in Vero E6 Cells
4.4. IL-6 Expression in A549 Cells after Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus
4.5. Functional ELISA Binding Assay
4.6. Linear Binding Epitope of Viral Proteins on Aβ1-42
4.7. Interaction between hACE2-Fc and Aβ Plaques Examined by Confocal Microscopy
4.8. Novel Aβ Antibody NP106: Linear Epitope Mapping and Binding Affinity to Aβ1-42
4.9. Measurement of Serum Aβ1-42 Levels in Mice with Intravenous Inoculation of Aβ1-42
4.10. The Effects of SARS-CoV-2 SPECD Trimers on Aβ1-42 Clearance in the Blood
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Patents
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hsu, J.T.-A.; Tien, C.-F.; Yu, G.-Y.; Shen, S.; Lee, Y.-H.; Hsu, P.-C.; Wang, Y.; Chao, P.-K.; Tsay, H.-J.; Shie, F.-S. The Effects of Aβ1-42 Binding to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 8226. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158226
Hsu JT-A, Tien C-F, Yu G-Y, Shen S, Lee Y-H, Hsu P-C, Wang Y, Chao P-K, Tsay H-J, Shie F-S. The Effects of Aβ1-42 Binding to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(15):8226. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158226
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsu, John Tsu-An, Chih-Feng Tien, Guann-Yi Yu, Santai Shen, Yi-Hsuan Lee, Pei-Chien Hsu, Yun Wang, Po-Kuan Chao, Huey-Jen Tsay, and Feng-Shiun Shie. 2021. "The Effects of Aβ1-42 Binding to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15: 8226. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158226