Cell Proliferation in the Piriform Cortex of Rats with Motor Cortex Ablation Treated with Growth Hormone and Rehabilitation

Heredia, Margarita; Sánchez-Robledo, Virginia; Gómez, Inés; Criado, José María; Fuente, Antonio de la; Devesa, Jesús; Devesa, Pablo; Riolobos, Adelaida Sánchez

doi:10.3390/ijms22115440

Open AccessArticle

Cell Proliferation in the Piriform Cortex of Rats with Motor Cortex Ablation Treated with Growth Hormone and Rehabilitation

by

Margarita Heredia

^1,*,

Virginia Sánchez-Robledo

¹,

Inés Gómez

¹,

José María Criado

¹,

Antonio de la Fuente

¹,

Jesús Devesa

^2,*

,

Pablo Devesa

³ and

Adelaida Sánchez Riolobos

¹

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Avenida Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain

²

Scientific Direction, Medical Center Foltra, Travesía de Montouto 24, 15894 Teo, Spain

³

Coordination and Research, School Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cochabamba 1408, Bolivia

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(11), 5440; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115440

Submission received: 6 March 2021 / Revised: 18 May 2021 / Accepted: 19 May 2021 / Published: 21 May 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Growth Hormone (GH): Multiple Therapeutic Possibilities and Molecular Mechanisms of Action 2.0)

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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury represents one of the main health problems in developed countries. Growth hormone (GH) and rehabilitation have been claimed to significantly contribute to the recovery of lost motor function after acquired brain injury, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are not well understood. In this work, we have investigated cell proliferation in the piriform cortex (PC) of adult rats with ablation of the frontal motor cortex treated with GH and rehabilitation, in order to evaluate if this region of the brain, related to the sense of smell, could be involved in benefits of GH treatment. Male rats were either ablated the frontal motor cortex in the dominant hemisphere or sham-operated and treated with GH or vehicle at 35 days post-injury (dpi) for five days. At 36 dpi, all rats received daily injections of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for four days. We assessed motor function through the paw-reaching-for-food task. GH treatment and rehabilitation at 35 dpi significantly improved the motor deficit caused by the injury and promoted an increase of cell proliferation in the PC ipsilateral to the injury, which could be involved in the improvement observed. Cortical ablation promoted a greater number of BrdU+ cells in the piriform cortex that was maintained long-term, which could be involved in the compensatory mechanisms of the brain after injury.

Keywords: motor ablation; growth hormone; rehabilitation; cell proliferation; piriform cortex; brain injury

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MDPI and ACS Style

Heredia, M.; Sánchez-Robledo, V.; Gómez, I.; Criado, J.M.; Fuente, A.d.l.; Devesa, J.; Devesa, P.; Riolobos, A.S. Cell Proliferation in the Piriform Cortex of Rats with Motor Cortex Ablation Treated with Growth Hormone and Rehabilitation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 5440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115440

AMA Style

Heredia M, Sánchez-Robledo V, Gómez I, Criado JM, Fuente Adl, Devesa J, Devesa P, Riolobos AS. Cell Proliferation in the Piriform Cortex of Rats with Motor Cortex Ablation Treated with Growth Hormone and Rehabilitation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(11):5440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115440

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heredia, Margarita, Virginia Sánchez-Robledo, Inés Gómez, José María Criado, Antonio de la Fuente, Jesús Devesa, Pablo Devesa, and Adelaida Sánchez Riolobos. 2021. "Cell Proliferation in the Piriform Cortex of Rats with Motor Cortex Ablation Treated with Growth Hormone and Rehabilitation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11: 5440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115440

APA Style

Heredia, M., Sánchez-Robledo, V., Gómez, I., Criado, J. M., Fuente, A. d. l., Devesa, J., Devesa, P., & Riolobos, A. S. (2021). Cell Proliferation in the Piriform Cortex of Rats with Motor Cortex Ablation Treated with Growth Hormone and Rehabilitation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(11), 5440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115440

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Cell Proliferation in the Piriform Cortex of Rats with Motor Cortex Ablation Treated with Growth Hormone and Rehabilitation

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