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Volume 22
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10.3390/ijms22010038
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Article

Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Counteract Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis In Vitro

by
Martina Gatti
1,
Francesca Beretti
1,
Manuela Zavatti
1,
Emma Bertucci
2,
Soraia Ribeiro Luz
1,
Carla Palumbo
1 and
Tullia Maraldi
1,*
1
Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
2
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010038
Submission received: 30 November 2020 / Revised: 18 December 2020 / Accepted: 19 December 2020 / Published: 22 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Amniotic Fluid and Placental Membranes as Sources of Stem Cells: Progress and Challenges)
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Abstract

Background—Osteoporosis is characterized by defects in both quality and quantity of bone tissue, which imply high susceptibility to fractures with limitations of autonomy. Current therapies for osteoporosis are mostly concentrated on how to inhibit bone resorption but give serious adverse effects. Therefore, more effective and safer therapies are needed that even encourage bone formation. Here we examined the effect of extracellular vesicles secreted by human amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) (AFSC-EV) on a model of osteoporosis in vitro. Methods—human AFSC-EV were added to the culture medium of a human pre-osteoblast cell line (HOB) induced to differentiate, and then treated with dexamethasone as osteoporosis inducer. Aspects of differentiation and viability were assessed by immunofluorescence, Western blot, mass spectrometry, and histological assays. Since steroids induce oxidative stress, the levels of reactive oxygen species and of redox related proteins were evaluated. Results—AFSC-EV were able to ameliorate the differentiation ability of HOB both in the case of pre-osteoblasts and when the differentiation process was affected by dexamethasone. Moreover, the viability was increased and parallelly apoptotic markers were reduced. The presence of EV positively modulated the redox unbalance due to dexamethasone. Conclusion—these findings demonstrated that EV from hAFSC have the ability to recover precursor cell potential and delay local bone loss in steroid-related osteoporosis.
Keywords: AFSC; extracellular vesicles; oxidative stress; osteoporosis AFSC; extracellular vesicles; oxidative stress; osteoporosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gatti, M.; Beretti, F.; Zavatti, M.; Bertucci, E.; Ribeiro Luz, S.; Palumbo, C.; Maraldi, T. Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Counteract Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis In Vitro. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010038

AMA Style

Gatti M, Beretti F, Zavatti M, Bertucci E, Ribeiro Luz S, Palumbo C, Maraldi T. Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Counteract Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis In Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(1):38. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010038

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gatti, Martina, Francesca Beretti, Manuela Zavatti, Emma Bertucci, Soraia Ribeiro Luz, Carla Palumbo, and Tullia Maraldi. 2021. "Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Counteract Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis In Vitro" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1: 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010038

APA Style

Gatti, M., Beretti, F., Zavatti, M., Bertucci, E., Ribeiro Luz, S., Palumbo, C., & Maraldi, T. (2021). Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Counteract Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis In Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010038

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