Amino Acid Deletions in p6Gag Domain of HIV-1 CRF07_BC Ameliorate Galectin-3 Mediated Enhancement in Viral Budding
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Slow Disease Progression and Higher Plasma Galectin-3 Detected in HIV-1 CRF07_BC-Infected Patients
2.2. HIV-1 CRF07_BC Infection Induced Galectin-3 Expression
2.3. Amino Acid Deletions in CRF07_BC p6Gag Ameliorated Galectin-3-Mediated Virus Growth and Budding
2.4. Amino Acids Deletions in CRF07_BC p6Gag Attenuated Galectin-3 Dependent on Alix Association with Gag
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Ethics Statement
4.2. Cell and Viruses
4.3. Plasmids
4.4. Determination of HIV-1 Genotypes
4.5. Viral Growth Kinetic Assay
4.6. Immunoblotting
4.7. Co-Immunoprecipitation
4.8. qRT-PCR
4.9. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Gal3 | Galectin-3 |
Alix | ALG-2 interacting protein X |
CRF07_BC-7d | HIV-1 CRF07_BC virus with 7 amino acid deletions in p6Gag |
CRF07_BC-wt | HIV-1 CRF07_BC virus non-deletion wild-type |
References
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HIV-1-Infected Population | |||
---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Male (%) (n = 32) | Female (%) (n = 6) | Total (%) (n = 38) |
Age (years) | |||
15–29 | 14(43.8) | 2(33.3) | 16(42.1) |
30–49 | 16(50) | 3(50) | 19(50) |
≥50 | 2(6.2) | 1(16.7) | 3(7.9) |
Viral Load (copies/mL) | |||
<10,000 | 2(6.2) | 1(16.7) | 3(7.8) |
10,000–100,000 | 19(59.4) | 3(50) | 22(57.9) |
>100,000 | 11(34.4) | 2(33.3) | 13(34.2) |
CD4 Count (cells/mm3) | |||
<200 | 5(15.6) | 1(16.7) | 6(15.8) |
200–500 | 21(65.6) | 4(66.7) | 25(65.8) |
>500 | 6(18.8) | 1(16.7) | 7(18.4) |
Serum galectin-3 (mean ± SD) | 3.49 ± 0.51 | 3.24 ± 0.27 | 3.45 ± 0,49 |
HIV-1 subtype | |||
CRF01_AE | 2(6.3) | 3(50) | 5(13.2) |
B | 7(21.9) | 1(16.7) | 8(22.2) |
C | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CRF07_BC | 23(71.9) | 2(33.3) | 25(69.4) |
CRF08_BC | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HIV-1 CRF07_BC Population | |||
---|---|---|---|
Virus Subtype | Male (%) (n = 23) | Female (%) (n = 2) | Total (%) (n = 25) |
CRF07_BC | |||
Gag-7d | 21(91.3) | 2(100) | 23(92) |
Gag-11d | 2(8.7) | 0 | 2(8) |
Gag-13d | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Gag-wt | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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Wang, W.-H.; Yeh, C.-S.; Lin, C.-Y.; Yuan, R.-Y.; Urbina, A.N.; Lu, P.-L.; Chen, Y.-H.; Chen, Y.-M.A.; Liu, F.-T.; Wang, S.-F. Amino Acid Deletions in p6Gag Domain of HIV-1 CRF07_BC Ameliorate Galectin-3 Mediated Enhancement in Viral Budding. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082910
Wang W-H, Yeh C-S, Lin C-Y, Yuan R-Y, Urbina AN, Lu P-L, Chen Y-H, Chen Y-MA, Liu F-T, Wang S-F. Amino Acid Deletions in p6Gag Domain of HIV-1 CRF07_BC Ameliorate Galectin-3 Mediated Enhancement in Viral Budding. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(8):2910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082910
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Wen-Hung, Chun-Sheng Yeh, Chih-Yen Lin, Ruei-Yu Yuan, Aspiro Nayim Urbina, Po-Liang Lu, Yen-Hsu Chen, Yi-Ming Arthur Chen, Fu-Tong Liu, and Sheng-Fan Wang. 2020. "Amino Acid Deletions in p6Gag Domain of HIV-1 CRF07_BC Ameliorate Galectin-3 Mediated Enhancement in Viral Budding" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8: 2910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082910