Targets (Metabolic Mediators) of Therapeutic Importance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Tumor Microenvironment
3. Metabolic Pathways
3.1. Glucose Metabolism
3.2. Lipid Metabolism
3.3. Amino-Acid and Nucleotide Metabolism
3.4. Mitochondrial Metabolites and Reactive Oxygen Species
4. Autophagy and Macropinocytosis
5. Aminoacid and Glucose Transporters
6. Metabolic Alterations, Stemness, and Chemo-Resistance
7. Future Directions and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phase | Trial Id | Target | Compound | Results/Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
I | NCT02071862 | GLS | CB-839 | Completed |
III | NCT03504423 | TCA cycle | FFX Versus CPI-613 with mFFX | Active |
I | NCT01835041 | TCA cycle | CPI-613 Versus CPI-613 with mFFX | Active |
I/II | NCT01128296 | autophagy | HCQ + gemcitabine | completed, encouraging results |
I/II | NCT01506973 | autophagy | HCQ + gemcitabine + abraxane | Active |
II | NCT03601923 | Poly ADP ribose polymerase | Niraparib | Active |
II | NCT04409002 | Poly ADP ribose polymerase | niraparib with dostarlimab (antibody attaching to protein called PD-1 on Tcells) and radiation therapy | Active |
III | NCT03977272 | PD-1 | modified-FOLFIRINOX and Anti-PD-1 antibody in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. | Active |
I | NCT03435289 | PDH and α-KGDH | CPI-613 in combination with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel | unknown |
I | NCT04181645 | PD-1 | SHR-1210 (anti-PD1)/Gemcitabine/Paclitaxel-albumin | Active |
I | NCT03497819 | mesothelin; tumor associated B cells | CARTmeso; CART19 | Active |
II/III | NCT03512756 | Reactive oxygen species | SM-88 used with MPS (methoxsalen, phenytoin, sirolimus) | Active |
II | NCT03509298 | MUC1 | Activated CIK and CD3-MUC1 Bispecific Antibody | Active |
III | NCT03504423 | Mitochondrial enzymes | FFX versus CPI-613 + mFFX | Active |
I | NCT01839981 | PDH | 6,8-bis(benzylthio)octanoic acid | Completed, no results posted |
II | NCT01273805 | autophagy | Hydrooxychloroquine | Completed [129] |
I | NCT01777477 | autophagy | HCQ + gemcitabine | Completed [130] |
I/II | NCT00096707 | Hexokinase | 2-DG alone or with docetaxel | No effects [131] |
I/II | NCT00907166 | PDH and α-KGDH | CPI-613 with gemcitabine | encouraging results [132] |
II | NCT01167738 | Mitochondrial complex I | metformin with PEXG | negative results [133] |
II | NCT01210911 | Mitochondrial complex II | metformin with Gemcitabine and erlotinib | negative results [134] |
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Rai, V.; Agrawal, S. Targets (Metabolic Mediators) of Therapeutic Importance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8502. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228502
Rai V, Agrawal S. Targets (Metabolic Mediators) of Therapeutic Importance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(22):8502. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228502
Chicago/Turabian StyleRai, Vikrant, and Swati Agrawal. 2020. "Targets (Metabolic Mediators) of Therapeutic Importance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22: 8502. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228502