Long Non-Coding RNA Associated with Cholesterol Homeostasis and Its Involvement in Metabolic Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. LncRNA in Cholesterol Synthesis and Metabolism
3. LncRNAs in Cholesterol Efflux
4. Disease Associated Cholesterol Dysregulation via LncRNAs
5. Implementation for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Targets
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
lncRNA | long non-coding RNA |
VLDL | very-low-density lipoprotein |
LDL | low density lipoprotein |
IDL | intermediate density lipoprotein |
HDL | high density lipoprotein |
ENCODE | Encyclopedia of DNA Elements |
DNMT1 | DNA methyltransferase1 |
NF1A | nuclear factor 1A |
LPL | lipoprotein lipase |
HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
PPAR-α | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha |
LDLR | low-density lipoprotein receptor |
PCSK9 | proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 |
HMGCR | 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase |
ABC | ATP-binding cassette |
ADAM10 | A Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 |
DNMT1 | DNA methyltransferase 1 |
CYP27A1 | sterol 27-hydroxylase |
HUVEC | human umbilical vein endothelial cells |
VSMC | vascular smooth muscle cell |
MEG3 | material representation gene 3 |
PTBP1 | polypyrimidine track binding protein 1 |
SHP | small heterodimer partner |
CREB | cAMP response element-binding protein |
TUG1 | taurine-up-regulated gene 1 |
FGF1 | fibroblast growth factor 1 |
ITGB3 | integrin beta-3 |
TBXA2R | thromboxane A2 receptor |
CAD | coronary artery disease |
SREBP | Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor |
SNPs | single nucleotide polymorphisms |
MI | myocardial infarction |
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LncRNA | Target | Findings | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
Cholesterol metabolism | |||
Lnc-HC | hnRNPA2B1, Cyp7a1, Abca1 | Lnc-HC-hnRNPA2B1 complex decreases Cyp7a1, Abca1 | [41] |
miR-130b-3p, PPARγ | Negatively regulates PPARγ expression via miR-130b-3p | [40] | |
BM450697 | LDLR | Regulates and local scaffold for LDLR transcription | [45] |
HOXC-AS1 | HOXC6 | Promotes HOXC6 | [50] |
HULC | ASCL1, PPARA | miR-9/PPARA/ACSL1/cholesterol/RXRA/HULC signaling. | [43] |
AT102202 | HMGCR | Regulates HMGCR expression | [48] |
LASER | PCSK9 | Feedback HNF-1α/PCSK9 and LXR dependent pathway | [47] |
RP1-13D10.2 | LDLR | Regulates LDLR and contributes to LDLC’s response to statin | [46] |
RP5-833A20.1 | miR-382-5p, NFIA | RP5-833A20.1/miR-382-5p/NFIA pathway | [37] |
DAPK-IT1 | miR-590-3p, LPL | DAPK1-IT1/hsa-miR-590-3p/LPL axis | [38] |
Lnc-KDM5D-4 | Key processes related to fatty liver a | [51] | |
NEAT1 | miR-342-3p | Regulates lipid uptake through modulating miR-342-3p | [39] |
LeXis | RALY | Binds to RALY to express cholesterol synthetic genes | [42] |
LncARSR | SREBP-2, HMGCR | Hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis via Akt/SREBP-2/HMGCR | [49] |
Cholesterol efflux | |||
DYN-LRB2-2 | TLR2, ABCA1 | Upregulates cholesterol efflux by ABCA1 expression | [52] |
ENST00000602558.1 | ABCG1 | Regulates ABCG1 expression through binding to p65 | [53] |
ZFAS1 | miR-654-3p, ADAM10, RAB22A | Elevates ADAM10/RAB22A expression to reduce cholesterol efflux in a miR-654-3p-dependent way | [54] |
CDKN2B-AS1 | ADAM10 | Promotes cholesterol efflux by inhibiting ADAM10 | [55] |
CHROME | miR-27b, 33a, 33b, 128 | Promotes cholesterol efflux and hepatic HDL biogenesis | [56] |
MeXis | Abca1 | LXR-dependent transcription of Abca1 | [57] |
AC096664.3 | ABCG1, PPAR-γ | Regulates ABCG1 expression via inhibiting PPAR-γ | [58] |
MALAT1 | miR-17-5p, ABCA1 | MALAT1/miR-17-5p/ABCA1 axis | [59] |
Disease | |||
TUG1 | miR-92a, ApoM, ABCA1, ABCG1 | Regulates ApoM, ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression, and attenuates cholesterol efflux via the miR-92a/FXR1 axis | [60] |
MEG3 | PTBP1 | Cholestasis by recruiting PTBP1 to destabilize Shp mRNA | [61] |
LncAP001033.3-201 | ITGB3, TBXA2R | Associated with low HDL-C disease and could play a role in platelet activation in cardiovascular disease | [62] |
LncAC068234.2-202 | |||
Brip1os, Gm16586, AU020206,9430034N14Rik,2510016D11Rik, LNC000709, Gm15472, Gm20703, Dubr | Cdk4, Eif2ak2, Ccna2, Ccne1, Ccnd3, Mdm2, Nfkbia, Bax, Pkm, Pik3cb, Jak1, Lyn, Hdac9 | Potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis (AS) via an ox-low-density lipoprotein induced macrophage-derived foam cell model | [63] |
ENST00000416361 | SREBP-1, SREBP-2 | Associated with CAD-induced lipid metabolism | [64] |
ANRIL, MALAT1 | rs9632884 rs1537373, rs619586 rs3200401 | Genetic variation of the ANRIL rs9632884 and MALAT1 rs3200401 mediates lipid levels in MI patients | [65] |
TUG1 | miR-133a, FGF1 | TUG1 modulates FGF1 via miR-133a | [66] |
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Lee, K.-H.; Hwang, H.-J.; Cho, J.-Y. Long Non-Coding RNA Associated with Cholesterol Homeostasis and Its Involvement in Metabolic Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8337. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218337
Lee K-H, Hwang H-J, Cho J-Y. Long Non-Coding RNA Associated with Cholesterol Homeostasis and Its Involvement in Metabolic Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):8337. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218337
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Kang-Hoon, Hyeon-Ji Hwang, and Je-Yoel Cho. 2020. "Long Non-Coding RNA Associated with Cholesterol Homeostasis and Its Involvement in Metabolic Diseases" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 8337. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218337