Fluid Shear Stress Induces EMT of Circulating Tumor Cells via JNK Signaling in Favor of Their Survival during Hematogenous Dissemination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Fluid Shear Stress Eradicates the Majority of Suspended Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs)
2.2. Fluid Shear Stress Facilitates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Suspended CTCs
2.3. Shear-Induced EMT Depends on the Activation of Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) Signaling
2.4. Fluid Shear Flow Facilitates the Transition of Epithelial Tumor Cells into Mesenchymal Phenotype and Enriches Pre-Existing Mesenchymal CTCs
2.5. Shear-Induced EMT Promotes the Survival of Suspended CTCs in Shear Flow
2.6. The Expressions of EMT Markers, Bcl-2, and JUN Gene Are Correlated with Poor Survival of Breast Cancer Patients
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Shear Stress Treatment
4.2. Cell Culture and Plasmid Transfection
4.3. MTS
4.4. Annexin V Assay
4.5. Quantification of Cell Spreading and Aspect Ratio
4.6. Flow Cytometry and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)
4.7. RT-PCR Analysis
4.8. Immunofluorescence
4.9. Kaplan–Meier Survival Analysis
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CTCs | Circulating tumor cells |
EMT | Epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
CSV | Cell surface vimentin |
EpCAM | Epithelial cell adhesion molecule |
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Xin, Y.; Li, K.; Yang, M.; Tan, Y. Fluid Shear Stress Induces EMT of Circulating Tumor Cells via JNK Signaling in Favor of Their Survival during Hematogenous Dissemination. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218115
Xin Y, Li K, Yang M, Tan Y. Fluid Shear Stress Induces EMT of Circulating Tumor Cells via JNK Signaling in Favor of Their Survival during Hematogenous Dissemination. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):8115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218115
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin, Ying, Keming Li, Mo Yang, and Youhua Tan. 2020. "Fluid Shear Stress Induces EMT of Circulating Tumor Cells via JNK Signaling in Favor of Their Survival during Hematogenous Dissemination" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 8115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218115
APA StyleXin, Y., Li, K., Yang, M., & Tan, Y. (2020). Fluid Shear Stress Induces EMT of Circulating Tumor Cells via JNK Signaling in Favor of Their Survival during Hematogenous Dissemination. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(21), 8115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218115