Contact-Dependent Growth Inhibition in Bacteria: Do Not Get Too Close!
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Contact-Dependent Growth Inhibition in Escherichia coli
3. “Toxin-on-a-Stick”: The Structure of the CdiA Protein
4. CDI Systems in Other Bacterial Species
5. Harpoon with Replaceable Tips: Orphan CDI Modules
6. What Are CDI Systems Designed for?
6.1. Interbacterial Antagonism
6.2. To Kill or to Kiss? Contact-Dependent Signaling
6.3. An Impact of CDI Toxins in Bacterial Populations
7. Modulating the Microbial Communities: The Enemy of My Enemy Is My Friend
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Microorganism | CDI-Related Findings | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|
Escherichia | E. coli strain EC93 | The first description of the CDI phenomenon. | [32] |
E. coli | CDI toxins/receptors complexes. | [40,41,42] | |
E. coli | Mechanisms of CDI regulation. | [28,35,36,38,43,47,48] | |
E. coli, B. pseudomallei | CDI toxin/immunity protein complexes. | [30,37] | |
E. coli strain 536 (UPEC536) | CysK enzyme stabilizes the complex of CdiA-CT with the immunity protein CdiI. | [44,49] | |
E. coli strain NC101 | CDI toxin/immunity protein/elongation factor Tu complex. | [50] | |
E. coli strain Nissle 1917 | Identification of functioning cdiA-CT/cdiI modules. | [51] | |
Burkholderia | B. thailandensis | The “Burkholderia” type of CDI locus is firstly defined. Expression of bcpAIOB genes is required for autoaggregation and adhesion on abiotic surfaces. | [52] |
B. pseudomallei | Ten subtypes of CDI systems within the B. pseudomallei species were identified. | [54] | |
B. thailandensis | CdiA toxins probably participate not only in interbacterial competition but also in cooperation and recognition of “self” bacteria from “non-self”. | [53,55,56] | |
B. thailandensis | The mechanism of CDI toxin delivery can differ even between closely related species. | [57] | |
B. dolosa | Identification of three functioning CDI systems. | [58] | |
B. multivorans, B. thailandensis | Non-pathogenic B. thailandensis uses CDI to control the growth of pathogenic B. multivorans during co-cultivation. | [59] | |
Pseudomonas | P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 | Identification of multiple cdi loci in the Pseudomonas genomes. CDI systems are involved in the processes of adhesion and biofilm formation. | [61] |
P. aeruginosa | CDI system is vital for virulence of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa in acute/chronic infection. | [62] | |
P. aeruginosa | Identification of CDI genes in P. aeruginosa genomes. | [63] | |
P. aeruginosa | CDI systems have a toxic effect on mammalian cell culture and increase the virulence of P. aeruginosa strains in the mouse bacteremia model. | [64] | |
Acinetobacter | A. baumannii, A. nosocomialis | Identification of functioning CDI systems. | [65] |
Acinetobacter spp. | Identification of >40 variants of cdi loci within the genus Acinetobacter | [67] | |
A. baylyi strain ADP1 | Both variants of CDI systems discovered play no roles in biofilm formation or adhesion to epithelial cells. | [66] | |
A. baumannii strain DSM30011 | Identification of two types of CDI toxins. The functioning of CDI systems represses biofilm formation and adhesion to the host cells. | [68] | |
Neisseria meningitidis | The crystal structure of the CdiI immunity protein. | [60] | |
Enterobacter cloacae | CdiA-CTECL/immunity protein complex. | [70] | |
Xenorhabdus doucetiae | Identification of the cdiBCAI locus in the genomes of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus luminescens. | [71] |
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Ikryannikova, L.N.; Kurbatov, L.K.; Gorokhovets, N.V.; Zamyatnin, A.A., Jr. Contact-Dependent Growth Inhibition in Bacteria: Do Not Get Too Close! Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7990. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217990
Ikryannikova LN, Kurbatov LK, Gorokhovets NV, Zamyatnin AA Jr. Contact-Dependent Growth Inhibition in Bacteria: Do Not Get Too Close! International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):7990. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217990
Chicago/Turabian StyleIkryannikova, Larisa N., Leonid K. Kurbatov, Neonila V. Gorokhovets, and Andrey A. Zamyatnin, Jr. 2020. "Contact-Dependent Growth Inhibition in Bacteria: Do Not Get Too Close!" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 7990. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217990