Molecular Control and Application of Male Fertility for Two-Line Hybrid Rice Breeding
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Development of Hybrid Rice Technologies
1.1.1. Three-Line HR Technology
1.1.2. Two-Line HR Technology
2. Environment-Sensitive Genic Male Sterility Systems
2.1. Photoperiod-Sensitive-Genic-Male-Sterility (PGMS) System
2.2. Temperature-Sensitive-Genic-Male-Sterility (TGMS) System
2.3. Simultaneously Photoperiod and Temperature Influence PGMS and TGMS Systems in PTGMS Lines
2.4. Humidity-Sensitive-Genic-Male-Sterility (HGMS) System
3. Importance and Application of Two-Line HR for Seed Production of EGMS-Lines
3.1. Molecular Regulation of EGMS Lines
3.1.1. EGMS Lines Are Influenced by Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations
3.1.2. Regulation of the EGMS Lines by Noncoding RNAs and RNA Metabolism
The tms5 Regulates RNA-Metabolism
Transcriptional Regulation of the EGMS Lines via Noncoding RNAs
3.1.3. Post-Transcriptional Regulation of the EGMS Lines via Alterations in RNA Expression
3.1.4. The mRNA Splicing Regulates Fertility Transition in EGMS Lines
3.1.5. Metabolism of the miRNAs and Structural Substances Regulate the EGMS Trait
3.1.6. Transcription Factors Implicated in EGMS-Lines
3.1.7. Thermo-Sensitive-Male-Sterility Is Regulated by LRR-RLK
3.1.8. Development of EGMS Lines via CRISPR/Cas9 Technology
4. Apomixis Technology Could Be the Future of the Single-Line Hybrid Breeding
5. Conclusions
6. Future Perspectives of EGMS Research and Application
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sr. # | Rf Locus in CMS Line for Three-Line HR Technology | References |
---|---|---|
1 | Rf4 identified in CMS-wild-abortive (WA) and classified as PPR protein | [30,32] |
2 | Rf1a, Rf1b (Rf5) identified in CMS-Chinsurah-Boro II/Taichung 65 (BT) and classified as PPR protein | [33,34] |
3 | Rf2 identified in CMS Lead-rice (LD) and classified as non-PPR protein with glycine-rich domain | [29] |
4 | Rf-A619 region identified in CMS-Charrua (CMS-C) with unknown protein character | [35] |
5 | Rf5 (Rf1b), Rf6 identified in CMS-Honglian (HL) and classified as PPR protein | [30,31] |
6 | Rf17 identified in CMS Chinese wild-type rice (CW) and classified as Acyl-synthase a carrier protein | [36] |
Sr. # | EGMS Line | Locus/Genes Responsive for EGMS Lines in Rice | References |
---|---|---|---|
1 | NK58S | PMS1, PMS2, PMS3 generate PGMS 1 in Japonica | [51,65,66] |
2 | Mian9S | PMS4 generates PGMS 1 in Indica | [77] |
3 | Yi D1S | RPMS1 and RPMS2 generate rPGMS 2 in Indica | [73,78] |
4 | 9522csa | CSA generates rPGMS 2 in Japonica | [79] |
5 | 5460S | TMS1 generates TGMS 3 in Indica | [80,81] |
6 | AnnongS-1 | TMS5 generates TGMS 3 in Indica | [46] |
7 | HengnongS-1 | TMS9-1 generates TGMS 3 in Indica | [82] |
8 | Zhu1S | TMS9 generates TGMS 3 in Indica | [83,84,85] |
9 | NorinPL12 | TMS2 generates TGMS 3 in Japonica | [86] |
10 | IR32364 | TMS3(t) generates TGMS 3 in Indica | [87] |
11 | TGMS-VN1 | TMS4(t) generates TGMS 3 in Indica | [88] |
12 | Sokcho-MS | TMS6 generates TGMS 3 in Japonica | [89] |
13 | SA2 | TGMS generates TGMS 3 in Indica | [90] |
14 | J207S | RTMS1 generates TGMS 3 in Indica | [91] |
15 | G20S | TMS6(t) generates TGMS 3 in Japonica | [92] |
Sr. # | Regulation Point of EGMS System in EGMS Line | References |
---|---|---|
1 | PGMS 1, DL ≤ 13 h (MF), ≥ 13.75 h (MS) in NK58S | [68,69,74] |
2 | TGMS 2, LT ≤ 23.5 °C (MF), HT ≥ 27 °C (MS) in PA64S | [78,119] |
3 | rPGMS 3, HT ≥ 13.5 h (MF), LT ≤ 12.5 (MS) in CSA | [75] |
4 | TGMS 2, LT ≤ 21 °C (MF), HT ≥ 28 °C (MS) in Ugp1 | [57] |
5 | TGMS, LT ≤ 23.5 °C (MF), HT ≥ 27 °C (MS) in 93-11s | [42] |
6 | HGMS 4, RH > 80% (MF), RH < 60% (MS) in E157 and S4928 | [54] |
7 | HGMS 4, RH > 80%(MF), RH 30–60% (MS) in osgl1-4 | [120] |
8 | HGMS 4, RH > 75%(MF), RH = 45% (MS) in hms1 | [41] |
9 | TGMS 2, TGMS = 22–24 °C (MF), >24 °C (MS) in tms10 | [43] |
10 | PTGMS 5, LD (14 h) and SD (12 h) conditions or HT (27–30 °C) and LT (21–23 °C) in p/tms12-1 | [42] |
11 | PGMS 1 ≤ 13 h (MF), ≥13.75 h (MS) in YiD1S | [73] |
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Ashraf, M.F.; Peng, G.; Liu, Z.; Noman, A.; Alamri, S.; Hashem, M.; Qari, S.H.; Mahmoud al Zoubi, O. Molecular Control and Application of Male Fertility for Two-Line Hybrid Rice Breeding. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7868. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217868
Ashraf MF, Peng G, Liu Z, Noman A, Alamri S, Hashem M, Qari SH, Mahmoud al Zoubi O. Molecular Control and Application of Male Fertility for Two-Line Hybrid Rice Breeding. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):7868. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217868
Chicago/Turabian StyleAshraf, Muhammad Furqan, Guoqing Peng, Zhenlan Liu, Ali Noman, Saad Alamri, Mohamed Hashem, Sameer H. Qari, and Omar Mahmoud al Zoubi. 2020. "Molecular Control and Application of Male Fertility for Two-Line Hybrid Rice Breeding" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 7868. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217868