Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia in Heart Failure—The Current State of Science
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Sarcopenia in HF
3. Sarcopenia in Cardiac Cachexia
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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EWGSOP 2010 | EWGSOP2 2018 | AWGS 2019 | SDOC 2018 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Creuz-Jentoft et al. (2010) [155] | Creuz-Jentoft et al. (2019) [1] | Chen et al. (2020) [28] | Bhasin et al. (2020) [156] | ||||
“Progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with low muscle strength or low physical performance.” | “Sarcopenia is identified by low muscle strength and confirmed by additional low muscle quantity. Low physical performance describes a severe status.” | “Age-related loss of muscle mass, associated with low muscle strength and/or low physical performance.” | “Low muscle strength defined by low grip strength and low physical performance defined by low usual gait speed should be included in the definition of sarcopenia.” | ||||
Low muscle mass | Low muscle strength | Loss of muscle mass | Low muscle strength | ||||
DXA | ASM/height2 < 7.26 kg/m2 in men ASM/height2 < 5.5 kg/m2 in women | Handgrip | <27 kg in men <16 kg in women | DXA | SM/height2 < 7.0 kg/m2 in men SM/height2 < 5.4 kg/m2 in women | Handgrip | <35.5 kg in men <20.0 kg in women |
BIA | SM/height2 < 8.87 kg/m2 in men SM/height2 < 6.42 kg/m2 in women | Chair stand test | >15 s for 5 rises | BIA | SM//height2 < 7.0 kg/m2 in men SM/height2 < 5.4 kg/m2 in women | ||
Low muscle strength | Low muscle quantity or quality | Low muscle strength | Low physical performance | ||||
Handgrip | <30 kg in men <20 kg in women | DXA, BIA | ASM < 20 kg in men ASM < 15 kg in women | Handgrip | <28 kg in men <18 kg in women | Gait speed | Cut points dependent on age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disease |
ASM/height2 < 7 kg/m2 in men ASM/height2 < 5.5 kg/m2 in women | |||||||
MRI, CT | Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle | ||||||
Low physical performance | Low physical performance | Low physical performance | |||||
SPPB | ≤8 point score | Gait speed | ≤0.8 m/s | 6-m walk test | <1.0 m/s | ||
6-m gait speed | <1.0 m/s | TUG | ≥20 s | SPPB | ≤9 point score | ||
4-m gait speed | <0.8 m/s | SPPB | ≤8 point score | Five-time chair stand test | ≥12 s | ||
400 m walk test | Non-completion or ≥6 min for completion |
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Lena, A.; Anker, M.S.; Springer, J. Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia in Heart Failure—The Current State of Science. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 6549. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186549
Lena A, Anker MS, Springer J. Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia in Heart Failure—The Current State of Science. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(18):6549. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186549
Chicago/Turabian StyleLena, Alessia, Markus S. Anker, and Jochen Springer. 2020. "Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia in Heart Failure—The Current State of Science" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18: 6549. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186549