1,25(OH)2D3 Alleviates Aβ(25-35)-Induced Tau Hyperphosphorylation, Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species, and Apoptosis Through Interplay with Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in SH-SY5Y Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on Cell Morphology, Cell Viability, and Protein Expression of VDR and GDNF After Aβ(25-35) Treatment
2.2. Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on Activating Caspase-3 and Cell Apoptosis after Aβ(25-35) Treatment
2.3. Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on Intracellular ROS after Aβ(25-35) Treatment
2.4. Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the p-Tau/Tau Ratio after Aβ(25-35) Treatment
2.5. Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and p-GSK-3β (Ser9)/GSK-3β Ratios after Aβ(25-35) Treatment
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Aβ(25-35) and 1,25(OH)2D3 Preparations
4.2. Cell Culture Preparation
4.3. Cell Morphology
4.4. Cell Viability Analysis
4.5. Intracellular ROS Analysis
4.6. Protein Extraction and Quantification
4.7. Western Blot Analysis
4.8. Apoptotic Cell Analysis
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Aβ | Amyloid beta |
AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
1,25(OH)2D3 | 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 |
VDR | Vitamin D receptor |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
GDNF | Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor |
PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
Akt | Protein kinase B |
GSK-3β | Glycogen synthase kinase-3β |
APP | Amyloid protein precursor |
DCFH-DA | 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate |
DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium |
DCF | Dichlorofluorescein |
MTT | 3-[4,5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide |
PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |
DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide |
SDS | Sodium dodecyl sulfate |
TBS | Tris-buffered saline |
TBST | Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween-20 |
ECL | Enhanced chemiluminescence |
IgG | Immunoglobulin G |
PI | Propidium iodide |
ANOVA | Analysis of variance |
SD | Standard deviation |
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Lin, C.-I.; Chang, Y.-C.; Kao, N.-J.; Lee, W.-J.; Cross, T.-W.; Lin, S.-H. 1,25(OH)2D3 Alleviates Aβ(25-35)-Induced Tau Hyperphosphorylation, Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species, and Apoptosis Through Interplay with Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124215
Lin C-I, Chang Y-C, Kao N-J, Lee W-J, Cross T-W, Lin S-H. 1,25(OH)2D3 Alleviates Aβ(25-35)-Induced Tau Hyperphosphorylation, Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species, and Apoptosis Through Interplay with Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in SH-SY5Y Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(12):4215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124215
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Ching-I, Yi-Chen Chang, Ning-Jo Kao, Wei-Ju Lee, Tzu-Wen Cross, and Shyh-Hsiang Lin. 2020. "1,25(OH)2D3 Alleviates Aβ(25-35)-Induced Tau Hyperphosphorylation, Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species, and Apoptosis Through Interplay with Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in SH-SY5Y Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12: 4215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124215