Epigenetic Modulation of Chromatin States and Gene Expression by G-Quadruplex Structures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Structural Features of G-Quadruplexes and Their Occurrence in Biological Contexts
3. Involvement of G4 Structures in Epigenetic Processes
3.1. Interplay between G4 Structures and Epigenetic Modifications of DNA Bases
3.2. G4 Structures and the Histone Epigenetic Machinery
3.3. Epigenetic Roles of G4 Structures Formed in Coding and Noncoding RNA Transcripts
4. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
5meC | C5-methyl-deoxycitosine |
6meA | N6-methyl-deoxyadenosine |
6meG | O6-methyl-deoxyguanine |
8oxoG | 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanine |
APE1 | apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 |
ASXL1 | Additional Sex combs-Like 1 |
ATRX | ATP- dependent X-linked helicase |
BRD3 | Bromodomain Containing 3 |
CTCF | CCCTC-binding Factor |
DAXX | Death Domain Associated Protein |
DHX36 | DEAH-Box Helicase 36 |
DNMT | DNA methyltransferase |
FACT | Facilitates Chromatin Transcription |
FANCJ | Fanconi Anemia group J |
FUS | Fused in Sarcoma protein |
G4 | G-quadruplex |
HIF1-α | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α |
HMGB1 | Chromosomal High Mobility Group Box 1 |
hTERT | human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase |
KMT5C | Histone-lysine N-Methyltransferase KMT5C |
LINE-1 | Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 |
LSD1 | Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 |
lysC | lysozyme C |
NuRD | Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase complex |
OGG1 | 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase |
PADi4 | Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 |
PARP1 | Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase 1 |
PHF8 | Histone Lysine Demethylase 8 |
PRC2 | Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 |
REST | RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor |
SWI/SNF | SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable |
TERRA | Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA |
TLS | Translocated in Liposarcoma protein |
UTR | Untranslated Region |
VEGF | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor |
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Reina, C.; Cavalieri, V. Epigenetic Modulation of Chromatin States and Gene Expression by G-Quadruplex Structures. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114172
Reina C, Cavalieri V. Epigenetic Modulation of Chromatin States and Gene Expression by G-Quadruplex Structures. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(11):4172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114172
Chicago/Turabian StyleReina, Chiara, and Vincenzo Cavalieri. 2020. "Epigenetic Modulation of Chromatin States and Gene Expression by G-Quadruplex Structures" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11: 4172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114172