Autoantibody and Cytokine Profiles during Treatment with Belimumab in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Cytokine Levels during Belimumab Therapy
2.2. Autoantibody and IC Levels during Belimumab Therapy
2.3. Autoantibody to total IgG ratios
2.4. Baseline Cytokine, Autoantibody, and IC Profiles as Predictors of Treatment Response
2.5. Early Changes in Cytokine, Autoantibody, and IC Levels as Predictors of Response
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Determination of Levels of Cytokines, Autoantibodies and IC
4.2. Clinical Evaluation
4.3. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baseline Characteristics | Value |
---|---|
Female sex; n (%) | 73 (93.6) |
Age (years); M (IQR) | 41.3 (31.6–51.4) |
Ancestry | |
European/Caucasian; n (%) | 71 (91.0) |
African/African American; n (%) | 5 (6.4) |
Hispanic; n (%) | 2 (2.6) |
SLE disease duration (years); M (IQR) | 7.5 (3.7–13.3) |
SLEDAI-2K score; M (IQR) | 8.0 (4.0–12.0) |
Number of DMARDs *; M (IQR) | 1 (0–1); N = 77 |
Azathioprine; n (%) | 21 (27.3); N = 77 |
Mycophenolate; n (%) | 11 (14.3); N = 77 |
Methotrexate; n (%) | 14 (18.2); N = 77 |
Cyclosporine; n (%) | 3 (3.9); N = 77 |
Antimalarial agents; n (%) | 57 (74.0); N = 77 |
Corticosteroid use; n (%) | 71 (91.0) |
Previous exposure to corticosteroids (years); M (IQR) | 6.6 (3.6–11.0); N = 54 |
Previous mean prednisone equivalent (mg/day); M (IQR) | 10.0 (7.5–12.5); N = 55 |
Reason for belimumab | |
Arthritis; n (%) | 39 (52.7); N = 74 |
Mucocutaneous manifestations; n (%) | 39 (52.7); N = 74 |
Hematological manifestations; n (%) | 10 (13.5); N = 74 |
Lupus nephritis; n (%) | 7 (9.5); N = 74 |
Neuropsychiatric lupus; n (%) | 4 (5.4); N = 74 |
Serositis; n (%) | 3 (4.1); N = 74 |
General manifestations †; n (%) | 3 (4.1); N = 74 |
Serologic activity; n (%) | 1 (1.4); N = 74 |
Respiratory ‡; n (%) | 1 (1.4); N = 74 |
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Parodis, I.; Åkerström, E.; Sjöwall, C.; Sohrabian, A.; Jönsen, A.; Gomez, A.; Frodlund, M.; Zickert, A.; Bengtsson, A.A.; Rönnelid, J.; et al. Autoantibody and Cytokine Profiles during Treatment with Belimumab in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 3463. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103463
Parodis I, Åkerström E, Sjöwall C, Sohrabian A, Jönsen A, Gomez A, Frodlund M, Zickert A, Bengtsson AA, Rönnelid J, et al. Autoantibody and Cytokine Profiles during Treatment with Belimumab in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(10):3463. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103463
Chicago/Turabian StyleParodis, Ioannis, Emil Åkerström, Christopher Sjöwall, Azita Sohrabian, Andreas Jönsen, Alvaro Gomez, Martina Frodlund, Agneta Zickert, Anders A Bengtsson, Johan Rönnelid, and et al. 2020. "Autoantibody and Cytokine Profiles during Treatment with Belimumab in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 10: 3463. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103463
APA StyleParodis, I., Åkerström, E., Sjöwall, C., Sohrabian, A., Jönsen, A., Gomez, A., Frodlund, M., Zickert, A., Bengtsson, A. A., Rönnelid, J., & Gunnarsson, I. (2020). Autoantibody and Cytokine Profiles during Treatment with Belimumab in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(10), 3463. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103463