C-Type Natriuretic Peptide: A Multifaceted Paracrine Regulator in the Heart and Vasculature
William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
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These authors equally contributed to the work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(9), 2281; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092281
Received: 15 April 2019
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Revised: 30 April 2019
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Accepted: 2 May 2019
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Published: 8 May 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Basis of Cardiovascular Diseases: Implications of Natriuretic Peptides)
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an autocrine and paracrine mediator released by endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts that regulates vital physiological functions in the cardiovascular system. These roles are conveyed via two cognate receptors, natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) and natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C), which activate different signalling pathways that mediate complementary yet distinct cellular responses. Traditionally, CNP has been deemed the endothelial component of the natriuretic peptide system, while its sibling peptides, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), are considered the endocrine guardians of cardiac function and blood volume. However, accumulating evidence indicates that CNP not only modulates vascular tone and blood pressure, but also governs a wide range of cardiovascular effects including the control of inflammation, angiogenesis, smooth muscle and endothelial cell proliferation, atherosclerosis, cardiomyocyte contractility, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac electrophysiology. This review will focus on the novel physiological functions ascribed to CNP, the receptors/signalling mechanisms involved in mediating its cardioprotective effects, and the development of therapeutics targeting CNP signalling pathways in different disease pathologies.
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Keywords:
natriuretic peptide; vascular; endothelial cell; cardiomyocyte; fibroblast; inflammation; heart failure; hypertension; angiogenesis
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MDPI and ACS Style
Moyes, A.J.; Hobbs, A.J. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide: A Multifaceted Paracrine Regulator in the Heart and Vasculature. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2281. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092281
AMA Style
Moyes AJ, Hobbs AJ. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide: A Multifaceted Paracrine Regulator in the Heart and Vasculature. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(9):2281. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092281
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoyes, Amie J., and Adrian J. Hobbs. 2019. "C-Type Natriuretic Peptide: A Multifaceted Paracrine Regulator in the Heart and Vasculature" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9: 2281. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092281
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