Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(3), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030501
The Interplay between Immunity and Microbiota at Intestinal Immunological Niche: The Case of Cancer
Rossella Cianci 1,*
, Laura Franza 1, Giovanni Schinzari 2, Ernesto Rossi 2, Gianluca Ianiro 3, Giampaolo Tortora 2, Antonio Gasbarrini 3, Giovanni Gambassi 1 and Giovanni Cammarota 3
, Laura Franza 1, Giovanni Schinzari 2, Ernesto Rossi 2, Gianluca Ianiro 3, Giampaolo Tortora 2, Antonio Gasbarrini 3, Giovanni Gambassi 1 and Giovanni Cammarota 3
1
Department of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
2
Department of Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Roma, Italy, [email protected] (G.S.)
3
Department of Gastroenterology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 21 December 2018 / Revised: 16 January 2019 / Accepted: 21 January 2019 / Published: 24 January 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Interplay of Microbiome and Immune Response in Health and Diseases)
Abstract
The gut microbiota is central to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While multiple mechanisms are involved, the immune system clearly plays a special role. Indeed, the breakdown of the physiological balance in gut microbial composition leads to dysbiosis, which is then able to enhance inflammation and to influence gene expression. At the same time, there is an intense cross-talk between the microbiota and the immunological niche in the intestinal mucosa. These interactions may pave the way to the development, growth and spreading of cancer, especially in the gastro-intestinal system. Here, we review the changes in microbiota composition, how they relate to the immunological imbalance, influencing the onset of different types of cancer and the impact of these mechanisms on the efficacy of traditional and upcoming cancer treatments. View Full-TextKeywords:
gut microbiota; immunological niche; dysbiosis; cancer; immune system
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Cianci, R.; Franza, L.; Schinzari, G.; Rossi, E.; Ianiro, G.; Tortora, G.; Gasbarrini, A.; Gambassi, G.; Cammarota, G. The Interplay between Immunity and Microbiota at Intestinal Immunological Niche: The Case of Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 501.
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