Differential Regulation of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Apple Peel under Different Sunlight Intensities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Anthocyanin Concentrations under Different Sunlight Intensities Fit with Michaelis–Menten Equation
2.2. Analysis of Anthocyanin and Flavonol Concentrations under Different Sunlight Intensities
2.3. Analysis of Nucleotide Sugar Concentrations under Different Sunlight Intensities
2.4. Analyze Gene Expression Levels under Different Sunlight Intensities
2.5. Analysis of Enzyme Activities under Different Sunlight Intensities
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials
4.2. Chemical and Diverse Intensities Solar UV-B Light Exposure Treatments
4.3. Analysis of Flavonoid Compounds
4.4. Analysis of Nucleotide Sugar
4.5. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) Expression Analysis
4.6. Analysis of Key Enzyme Activities in Anthocyanin Synthesis
4.7. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CHS | chalcone synthase |
CHI | chalcone isomerase |
F3H | flavanone 3-hydroxylase |
DFR | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase |
ANS | anthocyanidin synthase |
UFGT | UDP-glycose: flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase |
UVR8 | UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 |
COP1 | E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 |
HY5 | bZIP transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOGOTYL5 |
MBW | MYB-bHLH-WD40 |
MAPKs | mitogen-activated protein kinases |
DPI | diphenyleneiodonium chloride |
PVPP | polyvinylpolypyrrolidone |
BSA | bovine serum albumin |
DTT | dithiothreitol |
HPLC | high-performance liquid chromatography |
qRT-PCR | quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction |
UV-B | ultraviolet-B |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
VS | visible sight |
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Chen, W.; Zhang, M.; Zhang, G.; Li, P.; Ma, F. Differential Regulation of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Apple Peel under Different Sunlight Intensities. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 6060. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236060
Chen W, Zhang M, Zhang G, Li P, Ma F. Differential Regulation of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Apple Peel under Different Sunlight Intensities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(23):6060. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236060
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Weifeng, Mengxia Zhang, Guojing Zhang, Pengmin Li, and Fengwang Ma. 2019. "Differential Regulation of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Apple Peel under Different Sunlight Intensities" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23: 6060. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236060