Co-Stimulation of Purinergic P2X4 and Prostanoid EP3 Receptors Triggers Synergistic Degranulation in Murine Mast Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of ATP and GPCR Agonist co-Stimulation on BMMC Degranulation
2.2. Involvement of Gi-Coupled EP3R in Synergistic Degranulation Induced by PGE2 and ATP
2.3. Involvement of Ionotropic P2X4R in the Effect of ATP and PGE2 on Degranulation
2.4. Mechanism underlying the Synergistic Degranulation Induced by ATP and PGE2
2.5. Effects of Co-Stimulating BMMCs with ATP and PGE2 on ERK1/2, Akt, and Syk Phosphorylation
2.6. Effects of Co-Stimulating BMMCs with ATP and PGE2 on [Ca2+]i
2.7. Role of P2X4R Signaling in PGE2-Induced Skin MC Activation in Vivo
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Animals
4.3. Cell Culture
4.4. Degranulation Assay
4.5. [Ca2+]i Measurement
4.6. Western Blot
4.7. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR)
4.8. PGE2-Induced Skin Edema
4.9. Statistics
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
[Ca2+]i | Intracellular Ca2+ concentration |
A3R | A3 receptor |
Ag | Antigen |
APC | Allophycocyanin |
BMMCs | Bone marrow-derived mast cells |
DNP-HSA | 2,4-dinitrophenyl human serum albumin |
EP3R | EP3 receptor |
FcεRI | High affinity IgE receptors |
GPCR | G-protein-coupled receptors |
IL | Interleukin |
KRH | Krebs-Ringer-HEPES |
MC | Mast cell |
P2X4R | P2X4 receptor |
PE | Phycoerythrin |
PG | Prostaglandin |
PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
PLC | Phospholipase C |
PTX | Pertussis toxin |
PVDF | Immobilon-P polyvinylidene fluoride |
qRT-PCR | Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction |
S1P | Sphingosine-1-phosphate |
SDS-PAGE | Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
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Yoshida, K.; Tajima, M.; Nagano, T.; Obayashi, K.; Ito, M.; Yamamoto, K.; Matsuoka, I. Co-Stimulation of Purinergic P2X4 and Prostanoid EP3 Receptors Triggers Synergistic Degranulation in Murine Mast Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205157
Yoshida K, Tajima M, Nagano T, Obayashi K, Ito M, Yamamoto K, Matsuoka I. Co-Stimulation of Purinergic P2X4 and Prostanoid EP3 Receptors Triggers Synergistic Degranulation in Murine Mast Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(20):5157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205157
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshida, Kazuki, Makoto Tajima, Tomoki Nagano, Kosuke Obayashi, Masaaki Ito, Kimiko Yamamoto, and Isao Matsuoka. 2019. "Co-Stimulation of Purinergic P2X4 and Prostanoid EP3 Receptors Triggers Synergistic Degranulation in Murine Mast Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20: 5157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205157