Laser-Driven Ultrashort Pulsed Electron Beam Radiation at Doses of 0.5 and 1.0 Gy Induces Apoptosis in Human Fibroblasts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. γH2AX Foci Analysis
2.2. Cell Viability and Apoptosis Analysis
2.3. Micronuclei Formation
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture and Irradiation
4.2. Apoptosis Analysis
4.3. CBMN Assay
4.4. Immunofluorescence Staining
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AREAL | Advanced Research Electron Accelerator Laboratory |
BN | Binuclear |
BSA | Bovine serum albumin |
CBMN | Cytokinesis-block micronucleus |
DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
DSBs | Double-strand breaks |
GHz | Gigahertz |
Gy | Gray |
LET | Linear energy transfer |
MeV | Megaelectronvolt |
MN | Micronuclei |
PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |
RF | Radio frequency |
UPEB | Ultrashort pulsed electron beam |
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AREAL Beam Parameters | UV Laser Parameters | ||
---|---|---|---|
Beam charge (pC) | 30 | Wavelength (nm) | 258 |
Electron energy (MeV) | 3.6 | Pulse energy (μJ) | 200 |
Pulse duration (fs) | 450 | Repetition rate (Hz) | 2 |
Pulse repetition rate (Hz) | 2 | Energy stability | <2% |
Beam spot (mm) | 15 | Beam divergence (mrad) | <0.3 |
Norm. emittance (mm-mrad) | <0.5 | Beam diameter (mm) | 2.0 |
RMS energy spread | <1.5% | - | - |
Online dose information | Faraday cup | - | - |
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Babayan, N.; Grigoryan, B.; Khondkaryan, L.; Tadevosyan, G.; Sarkisyan, N.; Grigoryan, R.; Apresyan, L.; Aroutiounian, R.; Vorobyeva, N.; Pustovalova, M.; et al. Laser-Driven Ultrashort Pulsed Electron Beam Radiation at Doses of 0.5 and 1.0 Gy Induces Apoptosis in Human Fibroblasts. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5140. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205140
Babayan N, Grigoryan B, Khondkaryan L, Tadevosyan G, Sarkisyan N, Grigoryan R, Apresyan L, Aroutiounian R, Vorobyeva N, Pustovalova M, et al. Laser-Driven Ultrashort Pulsed Electron Beam Radiation at Doses of 0.5 and 1.0 Gy Induces Apoptosis in Human Fibroblasts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(20):5140. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205140
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabayan, Nelly, Bagrat Grigoryan, Lusine Khondkaryan, Gohar Tadevosyan, Natalya Sarkisyan, Ruzanna Grigoryan, Lilit Apresyan, Rouben Aroutiounian, Natalia Vorobyeva, Margarita Pustovalova, and et al. 2019. "Laser-Driven Ultrashort Pulsed Electron Beam Radiation at Doses of 0.5 and 1.0 Gy Induces Apoptosis in Human Fibroblasts" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20: 5140. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205140