Mechanical Ventilation Impairs IL-17 Cytokine Family Expression in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Mechanical Ventilation Induces VT Dose-Dependent TH17 Cytokine Expression in Lungs of Rats
2.2. Dampened IL-17 Response after Infection in Mechanically Ventilated Rats
2.3. Dampened IL-17A Response in Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Rat Mechanical Ventilation Model
4.2. Induction of Bacterial Pneumonia in Ventilated Rats
4.3. Patient Samples
4.4. Transcript Studies
4.5. Neutrophil Quantification
4.6. IL-17 Immunoassay
4.7. Data Analyses and Statistics
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ASPIRE-ICU | The Advanced understanding of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in Europe—Intensive Care Units |
BALF | Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid |
ETA | Endotracheal aspirate |
IBIVAP | Identification of predictive biomarkers of pneumonia in artificially ventilated patients |
MV | Mechanical ventilation |
PA | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
PEEP | Positive end expiratory pressure |
PIP | Positive inspiratory pressure |
PoA | Pneumonia on admission |
VAP | Ventilator-associated pneumonia |
VT | Tidal volume |
Appendix A
Target | Host | Fw seq | Rv seq |
---|---|---|---|
Actb | Rat | GTCGTACCACTGGCATTGTG | CTCTCAGCTGTGGTGGTGAA |
Sdha | Rat | CTCTTTTGGACCTTGTCGTCTTT | TCTCCAGCATTTGCCTTAATCGG |
Ifn-γ | Rat | ATTCATGAGCATCGCCAAGTTC | TGACAGCTGGTGAATCACTCTGAT |
Tnf-α | Rat | CTTCTCATTCCTGCTCGTGG | TGATCTGAGTGTGAGGGTCTG |
IL-1β | Rat | TGCAGGCTTCGAGATGAAC | GGGATTTTGTCGTTGCTTGTC |
IL-6 | Rat | AAGCCAGAGTCATTCAGAGC | GTCCTTAGCCACTCCTTCTG |
IL-17A | Rat | ACTACCTCAACCGTTCCACTTCA | CTTCAGGACCAGGATCTCTTGCT |
IL-17F | Rat | CCCGGAGACCTCTCAGAAGA | GCCCTACTTTGGGGTTCCTC |
IL-22 | Rat | TCCAGCAGCCATACATCGTC | GGCTTTGACTCCTCGGAACA |
IL-10 | Rat | GCTCTTACTGACTGGCATGAG | CGCAGCTCTAGGAGCATGTG |
IL-8 | Rat | CCCCCATGGTTCAGAAGATTG | TTGTCAGAAGCCAGCGTTCAC |
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MV Av ± SD n = 9 | VAP Av ± SD n = 10 | PoA Av ± SD n = 13 | p-Value (VAP vs. PoA) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 61.1 ± 12.2 | 60.2 ± 11.6 | 62.6 ± 9.6 | 0.592 |
Gender (% male) | 63% | 50% | 69% | |
MV before sampling (days) | 0; 2 | 0; 2; 4.9 ± 2.8 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 0.0018 |
Total ICU stay (days) | 20.2 ± 11.2 | 24.8 ± 12.8 | 18.2 ± 13.4 | 0.243 |
APACHE II at admission | 24.9 ± 6.6 | 23.4 ± 8.8 | 33 ± 13.5 | 0.106 |
Prognosis (% deceased) | 33% (3/9) | 40% (4/10) | 15% (2/13) | |
Total white blood cell count * | 13.6 ± 1.25 | 13.7 ± 1.60 | 15.4 ± 2.69 | 0.703 |
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De Winter, F.H.R.; ’s Jongers, B.; Bielen, K.; Mancuso, D.; Timbermont, L.; Lammens, C.; Van averbeke, V.; Boddaert, J.; Ali, O.; Kluytmans, J.; et al. Mechanical Ventilation Impairs IL-17 Cytokine Family Expression in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205072
De Winter FHR, ’s Jongers B, Bielen K, Mancuso D, Timbermont L, Lammens C, Van averbeke V, Boddaert J, Ali O, Kluytmans J, et al. Mechanical Ventilation Impairs IL-17 Cytokine Family Expression in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(20):5072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205072
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Winter, Fien H. R., Bart ’s Jongers, Kenny Bielen, Domenico Mancuso, Leen Timbermont, Christine Lammens, Vincent Van averbeke, Jan Boddaert, Omar Ali, Jan Kluytmans, and et al. 2019. "Mechanical Ventilation Impairs IL-17 Cytokine Family Expression in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20: 5072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205072