Genome-Wide Identification of Direct Targets of the TTG1–bHLH–MYB Complex in Regulating Trichome Formation and Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Thaliana
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Genome-Wide Analysis of Downstream Targets Involved in Trichome Formation and Flavonoid Accumulation in ttg1-13 Young Shoots and Expanding True Leaves
2.2. Validation of Downstream Targets Related to Trichome Formation and Flavonoid Accumulation in ttg1-13 Young Shoots and Expanding True Leaves
2.3. Identification of Direct Downstream Targets Contributing to Trichome Formation and Flavonoid Accumulation Regulated by the TTG1-Dependent MBW Complex in Young Shoots and Expanding True Leaves
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material and Growth Condition
4.2. Generation of Transgenic Plants
4.3. RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) and Data Analyses
4.4. Gene Expression Analysis
4.5. GR Induction
4.6. ChIP Assay
4.7. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Differentially Expressed Genes | log2 Ratios | Functions | References |
---|---|---|---|
SPL8 (AT1G02065) | −2.36 | Promoting trichome formation | [48] |
ETC1 (AT1G01380) | −3.73 | Repressing trichome formation | [49] |
MYC2 (AT1G32640) | −1.27 | Promoting trichome initiation | [50,51,52,53] |
BLT (AT1G64690) | −2.10 | Promoting trichome branching | [54,55] |
HDG11 (AT1G73360) | −1.78 | Promoting trichome differentiation | [56] |
GL2 (AT1G79840) | −6.33 | Promoting trichome differentiation | [22,23,24] |
TTG2 (AT2G37260) | −7.89 | Promoting trichome formation | [25,57] |
CPC (AT2G46410) | −4.09 | Repressing trichome formation | [49] |
MYB106 (AT3G01140) | −2.82 | Promoting trichome differentiation and repressing trichome branching | [58,59] |
MYB5 (AT3G13540) | −7.07 | Repressing trichome branching | [60,61] |
TT8 (AT4G09820) | −7.14 | Promoting flavonoid accumulation | [62] |
SIM (AT5G04470) | −1.94 | Associated with trichome development | [63,64] |
MYB23 (AT5G40330) | −7.13 | Repressing trichome branching | [60,61] |
SVB (AT1G56580) | −1.43 | Associated with trichome size and branching | [65] |
Differentially Expressed Genes | log2 Ratios | Functions | References |
---|---|---|---|
MYC2 (AT1G32640) | −1.27 | Promoting flavonoid accumulation | [50,51,52,53] |
GL2 (AT1G79840) | −6.33 | Inhibiting anthocyanin accumulation | [66] |
TTG2 (AT2G37260) | −7.89 | Promoting flavonoid accumulation | [25,57] |
ANL2 (AT4G00730) | −1.06 | Promoting anthocyanin accumulation | [67] |
TT8 (AT4G09820) | −7.14 | Promoting flavonoid accumulation | [68,69] |
PAL4 (AT3G10340) | −3.72 | Converting phenylalanine into trans-cinnamic acid | [70,71] |
F3’H (AT5G07990) | −4.08 | Converting naringenin and dihydrokaempferol into eriodictyol and dihydroquercetin, respectively | [70,72] |
DMR6 (AT5G24530) | −9.50 | Converting flavanones into flavones | [73] |
FLS3 (AT5G63590) | −7.55 | Promoting flavonol accumulation | [74] |
DFR (AT5G42800) | −10.85 | Converting dihydroflavonols into leucoanthocyanidins | [2,75] |
ANS (AT4G22880) | −10.68 | Converting leucoanthocyanidins into 3-OH-anthocyanins | [76,77] |
UGT79B1 (AT5G54060) | −8.29 | Involved in the glycosylation of anthocyanins | [70,78] |
UGT75C1 (AT4G14090) | −4.09 | Involved in the malonylation of anthocyanins | [79] |
5MAT (AT3G29590) | −11.05 | Involved in the accumulation of malonylated anthocyanins | [80] |
GSTF12 (AT5G17220) | −3.73 | Involved in transport and accumulation of both anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins | [81,82] |
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Wei, Z.; Cheng, Y.; Zhou, C.; Li, D.; Gao, X.; Zhang, S.; Chen, M. Genome-Wide Identification of Direct Targets of the TTG1–bHLH–MYB Complex in Regulating Trichome Formation and Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Thaliana. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5014. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205014
Wei Z, Cheng Y, Zhou C, Li D, Gao X, Zhang S, Chen M. Genome-Wide Identification of Direct Targets of the TTG1–bHLH–MYB Complex in Regulating Trichome Formation and Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Thaliana. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(20):5014. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205014
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei, Zelou, Yalong Cheng, Chenchen Zhou, Dong Li, Xin Gao, Shuoxin Zhang, and Mingxun Chen. 2019. "Genome-Wide Identification of Direct Targets of the TTG1–bHLH–MYB Complex in Regulating Trichome Formation and Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Thaliana" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20: 5014. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205014