Comprehensive Analysis and Functional Studies of WRKY Transcription Factors in Nelumbo nucifera
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Identification of WRKY Family Members
2.2. Phylogenetic Analysis of NnWRKY Family Genes
2.3. NnWRKY Gene Structures and Conserved Motifs
2.4. Synteny Analysis of NnWRKY Genes
2.5. Spatial Expression Patterns of NnWRKYs
2.6. Responses of NnWRKYs to SA, JA, and Submergence Treatments
2.7. NnWRKY40a and NnWRKY40b are Involved in Lotus Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Biosynthesis
3. Discussion
3.1. Characteristics of Lotus WRKY Gene Family
3.2. The Evolution Pattern of NnWRKY Genes
3.3. Roles of NnWRKYs on Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
3.4. Role of NnWRKYs in Regulation of Lotus Alkaloid Biosynthesis
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials, Treatments, and Alkaloid Quantification
4.2. Mining of WRKY Genes
4.3. Phylogenetic Analysis
4.4. Analysis of WRKY Gene Structures and Conserved Domains
4.5. Synteny Analysis
4.6. RNA Extraction, Real-Time PCR and RNA Sequencing Analysis
4.7. Dual-Luciferase Report Gene Assay
4.8. Subcellular Localization Assay
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No | Lotus WRKY Pairs | NA Identity | AA Identity |
---|---|---|---|
1 | NnWRKY2a and NnWRKY2b | 54.8% | 41.6% |
2 | NnWRKY4a and NnWRKY4b * | 47.7% | 44.8% |
3 | NnWRKY6a and NnWRKY6b * | 73.0% | 60.1% |
4 | NnWRKY7a and NnWRKY7b * | 80.4% | 79.5% |
5 | NnWRKY12a and NnWRKY12b * | 81.6% | 78.5% |
6 | NnWRKY13a and NnWRKY13b * | 60.4% | 53.9% |
7 | NnWRKY17a and NnWRKY17b * | 56.9% | 60.1% |
8 | NnWRKY20a and NnWRKY20b * | 55.3% | 50.9% |
9 | NnWRKY21a and NnWRKY21b | 67.4% | 57.5% |
10 | NnWRKY23a and NnWRKY23b * | 78.7% | 76.3% |
11 | NnWRKY27a and NnWRKY27b * | 65.4% | 62.4% |
12 | NnWRKY28a and NnWRKY28b * | 80.2% | 77.2% |
13 | NnWRKY31a and NnWRKY31b * | 76.2% | 76.6% |
14 | NnWRKY32a and NnWRKY32b * | 73.9% | 70.0% |
15 | NnWRKY33a and NnWRKY33b * | 69.8% | 64.3% |
16 | NnWRKY43a and NnWRKY43b * | 78.6% | 75.2% |
17 | NnWRKY44a and NnWRKY44b * | 82.0% | 75.6% |
18 | NnWRKY49a and NnWRKY49b * | 80.0% | 74.8% |
19 | NnWRKY50a and NnWRKY50b * | 63.6% | 64.2% |
20 | NnWRKY51a and NnWRKY51b * | 70.5% | 72.5% |
21 | NnWRKY53a and NnWRKY53b | 90.4% | 86.0% |
22 | NnWRKY55a and NnWRKY55b * | 54.4% | 43.2% |
23 | NnWRKY57a and NnWRKY57b * | 79.4% | 78.0% |
24 | NnWRKY65a and NnWRKY65b * | 78.8% | 72.1% |
25 | NnWRKY69a and NnWRKY69b * | 77.6% | 66.9% |
26 | NnWRKY70a and NnWRKY70b * | 70.8% | 63.7% |
27 | NnWRKY72a and NnWRKY72b * | 77.3% | 73.0% |
28 | NnWRKY75a and NnWRKY75b * | 81.9% | 75.4% |
29 | NnWRKY40a and NnWRKY40b/c * | 75.6%/45.0% | 73.8%/42.0% |
30 | NnWRKY9 and NNU_24697 * | 52.2% | 57.7% |
Treatments | Positively Regulated WRKYs | Negatively Regulated WRKYs |
---|---|---|
SA | 32 NnWRKYs: NnWRKY4aNnWRKY7a NnWRKY7b NnWRKY17a NnWRKY23a NnWRKY27a NnWRKY28a NnWRKY28b NnWRKY31a NnWRKY31b WRKY33a NnWRKY33b NnWRKY40a NnWRKY40b NnWRKY41 NnWRKY43b NnWRKY47 NnWRKY49a NnWRKY49b NnWRKY50a NnWRKY50b NnWRKY51a NnWRKY51b NnWRKY55b NnWRKY65a NnWRKY70a NnWRKY70b NnWRKY72a NnWRKY72b NnWRKY75a NnWRKY75b Nnu_23618 | 6 NnWRKYs: NnWRKY6a NnWRKY12b NnWRKY23b NnWRKY44a NnWRKY55a NnWRKY69a |
JA | 34 NnWRKYs: NnWRKY2b NnWRKY4a NnWRKY6a NnWRKY7a NnWRKY7b NnWRKY17a NnWRKY23a NnWRKY23b NnWRKY27a NnWRKY27b NnWRKY28a NnWRKY28b NnWRKY31a NnWRKY31b NnWRKY33a NnWRKY33b NnWRKY40a NnWRKY40b NnWRKY41 NnWRKY47 NnWRKY50a NnWRKY50b NnWRKY51a NnWRKY51b NnWRKY53a NnWRKY53b NnWRKY57a NnWRKY57b NnWRKY65a NnWRKY70a NnWRKY70b NnWRKY72a NnWRKY75a NnWRKY75b | 4 NnWRKYs: NnWRKY12a NnWRKY40c NnWRKY49b NnWRKY69a |
SM | 28 NnWRKYs: NnWRKY4a NnWRKY4b NnWRKY6a NnWRKY7a NnWRKY12a NnWRKY17a NnWRKY21a NnWRKY23b NnWRKY27a NnWRKY27b NnWRKY28a NnWRKY28b NnWRKY31a NnWRKY33a NnWRKY43b NnWRKY49a NnWRKY49b NnWRKY50a NnWRKY50b NnWRKY55a NnWRKY55b NnWRKY57b NnWRKY65a NnWRKY69b NnWRKY72a NnWRKY72b NnWRKY75a NnWRKY75b | 12 NnWRKYs: NnWRKY9 NnWRKY12b NnWRKY23a NnWRKY40a NnWRKY40b NnWRKY41 NnWRKY44b NnWRKY51a NnWRKY51b NnWRKY53a NnWRKY53b Nnu_23618 |
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Li, J.; Xiong, Y.; Li, Y.; Ye, S.; Yin, Q.; Gao, S.; Yang, D.; Yang, M.; Palva, E.T.; Deng, X. Comprehensive Analysis and Functional Studies of WRKY Transcription Factors in Nelumbo nucifera. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205006
Li J, Xiong Y, Li Y, Ye S, Yin Q, Gao S, Yang D, Yang M, Palva ET, Deng X. Comprehensive Analysis and Functional Studies of WRKY Transcription Factors in Nelumbo nucifera. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(20):5006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205006
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Jing, Yacen Xiong, Yi Li, Shiqi Ye, Qi Yin, Siqi Gao, Dong Yang, Mei Yang, E. Tapio Palva, and Xianbao Deng. 2019. "Comprehensive Analysis and Functional Studies of WRKY Transcription Factors in Nelumbo nucifera" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20: 5006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205006