Transforming Growth Factor-β3/Chitosan Sponge (TGF-β3/CS) Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Preparation and Characterization of Transforming Growth Factor-β3/Chitosan Sponge (TGF-β3/CS)
2.2. TGF-β3 Does not Affect Growth or Proliferation of hPDLSCs But Facilitates Their Osteogenic Differentiation
2.3. TGF-β3/CS Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation of hPDLSCs
2.4. TGF-β3 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of hPDLSCs via the p38 MAPK Pathway
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Preparation and Characterization of TGF-β3/CS
Release Profile of TGF-β3 from CS
4.2. Culture of hPDLSCs
4.3. Bioactivity and Biocompatibility Assays in Vitro
4.3.1. Biocompatibility Analysis of TGF-β3/CS Extract
4.3.2. Cell Proliferation Assay of hPDLSCs Loaded on TGF-β3/CS in Vitro
4.3.3. Growth of hPDLSCs Implanted in TGF-β3/CS in Vitro
4.4. Growth of hPDLSCs Implanted in TGF-β3/CS in Vivo
4.5. Induction of Osteogenic Differentiation in Vitro
4.6. Western Blot Analysis
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Li, Y.; Qiao, Z.; Yu, F.; Hu, H.; Huang, Y.; Xiang, Q.; Zhang, Q.; Yang, Y.; Zhao, Y. Transforming Growth Factor-β3/Chitosan Sponge (TGF-β3/CS) Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 4982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20204982
Li Y, Qiao Z, Yu F, Hu H, Huang Y, Xiang Q, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Zhao Y. Transforming Growth Factor-β3/Chitosan Sponge (TGF-β3/CS) Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(20):4982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20204982
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yangfan, Zhifen Qiao, Fenglin Yu, Huiting Hu, Yadong Huang, Qi Xiang, Qihao Zhang, Yan Yang, and Yueping Zhao. 2019. "Transforming Growth Factor-β3/Chitosan Sponge (TGF-β3/CS) Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20: 4982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20204982