Programmed Cell-Death by Ferroptosis: Antioxidants as Mitigators
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants
3. Rustiness of Membrane Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs)
4. Detoxification of Excess Lipid Peroxides and Antioxidant Recycling
Depletion of Glutathione and Ferroptosis
5. Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol) Is a Potent Peroxyl Radical Scavenger in Ferroptosis
6. NRF2 at the Nexus of Antioxidants Regulating Ferroptosis
7. Is Ferritin an Antioxidant or an Autophagic Ferroptotic Agent?
8. Is Heme Oxygenase (HO-1) an Antioxidant That Protects or Promotes Ferroptosis?
9. Polyphenols as Antioxidants and Iron Chelators
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound | Mechanism | References |
---|---|---|
Inducers | ||
Erastin | System xc− inhibitor | [5,13] |
Sulfasalazine | System xc− inhibitor | [5,13] |
Sorafenib | System xc− inhibitor | [5,13,55,69] |
BSO | γGCS inhibitor, depletion of GSH | [5,13] |
RSL3 | GPX4 inhibitor | [5,26,27] |
FIN 56 | GPX4 inhibitor | [5,26,27] |
Inhibitors | ||
Lip-1 | Catalytic RTA, prevention of lipid peroxidation | [13,44,75] |
Fer-1 | Catalytic RTA, prevention of lipid peroxidation | [13,30,44,75] |
Vitamin E | Lipophilic antioxidant compensating GPX4 loss | [2,13,35,36,40,42] |
Nitroxide-based compounds | Catalytic RTA, prevention of lipid peroxidation | [43] |
Curcumin | Preventing iron accumulation, GPX4 inactivation, GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation | [75,77,79] |
EGCG | Preventing iron accumulation, GPX4 inactivation, GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation | [63,79] |
Baicalein | Prevention of lipid peroxidation Inhibition of glutathione GSH depletion | [78] |
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Kajarabille, N.; Latunde-Dada, G.O. Programmed Cell-Death by Ferroptosis: Antioxidants as Mitigators. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 4968. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194968
Kajarabille N, Latunde-Dada GO. Programmed Cell-Death by Ferroptosis: Antioxidants as Mitigators. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(19):4968. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194968
Chicago/Turabian StyleKajarabille, Naroa, and Gladys O. Latunde-Dada. 2019. "Programmed Cell-Death by Ferroptosis: Antioxidants as Mitigators" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19: 4968. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194968