Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Defense Mechanisms against Different Sizes of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles.
3. Defense Mechanisms against the Surface Charge of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
4. Defense Mechanisms against Metal Ions Release from Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
5. Defense Mechanisms against the Production of ROS and Oxidative Stress by Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles.
6. Defense Mechanisms of Biofilms against Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles.
7. Future Directions
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ZnO NPs | Zinc oxide nanoparticles |
CuO NPs | Copper oxide nanoparticles |
Fe2O3 NPs | Iron oxide nanoparticles |
ECS | Extracellular substances |
Ag NPs | Silver nanoparticles |
MgO NPs | Magnesium oxide nanoparticles |
Al2O3 NPs | Aluminum oxide nanoparticles |
TiO2 NPs | Titanium dioxide nanoparticles |
CeO2 NPs | Cerium oxide nanoparticles |
CAMP | Cationic antimicrobial peptides |
ESR | Envelope stress response |
LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
PEA | Phosphoethanolamine |
Cl- | Chloride |
NOM | Natural organic matter |
RND | Resistance-nodulation-cell division transporters |
CDF | Cation diffusion facilitator transporters |
QDs | Quantum dots |
MFP | Membrane fusion protein family |
OMF | Outer membrane factors |
SiO2 NPs | Silicon oxide nanoparticles |
Fe3O4 NPs | Ferric oxide nanoparticles |
NiO NPs | Nickel oxide nanoparticles |
TRx | Thioredoxin reductase |
GPx | Glutathione peroxidase |
CS-SeNPs | Chitosan-modified selenium nanoparticles |
Cpx | Pilus expression response |
Rcs | Regulation of capsular synthesis phosphorelay |
Bae | Bacterial adaptive response |
PSP | Phage shock protein response |
ECF | Extracytoplasmic function |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
Au NPs | Gold nanoparticles |
ECP | Extracellular polymers |
PVP-AgNPs | Polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles |
ARGs | Antibiotic resistance genes |
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Niño-Martínez, N.; Salas Orozco, M.F.; Martínez-Castañón, G.-A.; Torres Méndez, F.; Ruiz, F. Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112808
Niño-Martínez N, Salas Orozco MF, Martínez-Castañón G-A, Torres Méndez F, Ruiz F. Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(11):2808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112808
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiño-Martínez, Nereyda, Marco Felipe Salas Orozco, Gabriel-Alejandro Martínez-Castañón, Fernando Torres Méndez, and Facundo Ruiz. 2019. "Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 11: 2808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112808