An Innovative Approach to Manganese-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Coating on Zinc Oxide–Coated 316L SS for Implant Application
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Result and Discussion
2.1. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) Analysis
2.2. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and Selected Aread Electron Difraction (SAED) Pattern
2.3. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
2.4. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) Analysis
2.5. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis
2.6. Mechanical Characterization
2.7. Electrochemical Characterization of Coating
2.7.1. Potentiodynamic Polarization Measurements
2.7.2. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Analysis
2.8. In Vitro Bioactivity
2.9. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) Analysis
2.10. In Vitro Biocompatibility Cell Culture Studies
2.10.1. Cell Viability
2.10.2. Cell Adhesion
2.10.3. Live/Dead Assay
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. ZnO Coating on 316L SS
3.3. Mn-HAp Coating on 316L SS
3.4. Mn-HAp/ZnO Bilayer Coating on 316L SS
3.5. Surface Characterization of Coating
3.6. Mechanical Properties of Coatings
3.7. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
3.8. Electrochemical Investigation of Coatings
3.9. Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) Solution Preparation
3.10. In Vitro Biocompatibility Analysis
3.10.1. Cell Cultures
3.10.2. Cell Viability
3.10.3. Cell Adhesion Test
3.10.4. Live/Dead Assay
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Polarization Parameter | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sample Condition | Ecorr (mV vs. SCE) | Eb (mV) | Epp (mV) | Rb (Ω/cm2) |
Pristine 316L SS | −874 | 348 | −75 | 48 |
Mn-HAp | −832 | 410 | −48 | 1200 |
ZnO | −781 | 486 | −26 | 2980 |
Mn-HAp/ZnO | −696 | 574 | −92 | 3400 |
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Ananth, K.P.; Sun, J.; Bai, J. An Innovative Approach to Manganese-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Coating on Zinc Oxide–Coated 316L SS for Implant Application. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2340. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082340
Ananth KP, Sun J, Bai J. An Innovative Approach to Manganese-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Coating on Zinc Oxide–Coated 316L SS for Implant Application. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(8):2340. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082340
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnanth, Karuppasamy Prem, Jinxing Sun, and Jiaming Bai. 2018. "An Innovative Approach to Manganese-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Coating on Zinc Oxide–Coated 316L SS for Implant Application" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8: 2340. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082340