Consecutive Isoproterenol and Adenosine Treatment Confers Marked Protection against Reperfusion Injury in Adult but Not in Immature Heart: A Role for Glycogen
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effect of Isoproterenol on Cardiac Function in Adult and Immature Heart
2.2. Effects of Isoproterenol/Adenosine Pre-Treatment on Ischemic Contracture
2.3. Effects of Isoproterenol/Adenosine Pre-Treatment on Outcome Following Reperfusion
2.3.1. Developed Pressure Following Ischemia and Reperfusion (I/R) Injury in Adults & Immature Hearts
2.3.2. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Release Following I/R Injury in Adults & Immature Hearts
2.3.3. Infarct Size Following I/R Injury in Adults & Immature Hearts
2.4. The Effect of Age on Cardiac Glycogen Content
3. Discussion
3.1. Isoproterenol Triggers Similar Inotropic Response in Both Age Groups
3.2. Time of Onset to Ischemic Contracture Is Reduced Following Pre-Treatment with Isoproterenol/Adenosine
3.3. Pre-Treatment with Isoproterenol/Adenosine Protects Adult but Not Immature Heart after I/R
3.4. Low Glycogen Content in Immature Heart Could Blunt Cardioprotection with Isoproterenol/Adenosine
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals & Ethical Approval
4.2. Heart Perfusion
4.3. Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Protocol
4.4. Glycogen Assays
4.5. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age Group | Intervention | Time to Onset of Ischemic Contracture (Seconds) | Time to Peak Ischemic Contracture (Seconds) | Maximal Increase in LVEDP during Ischemia (mmHg) | Increase in LVEDP at the End of Ischemia (mmHg) | Maximal Increase in LVEDP during Reperfusion (mmHg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adult | Control | 875 ± 32 | 1125 ± 18 | 59.41 ± 6.28 | 41.33 ± 4.66 | 66.58 ± 8.42 |
Iso/Aden | 524 * ± 79 | 1263 ± 69 * | 39.21 ± 9.13 * | 20.14 ± 5.38 * | 33.41 ± 6.59 * | |
Immature | Control | 505 ± 42 † | 1312 ± 180 | 17.56 ± 3.49 † | 4.23 ± 1.32 † | 14.05 ± 4.17 † |
Iso/Aden | 296 ± 43 *,† | 512 ± 38 (39%) *,† | 19.44 ± 8.59 † | −12.00 ± 1.17 *,† | 8.48 ± 1.86 † |
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Lewis, M.; Szobi, A.; Balaska, D.; Khaliulin, I.; Adameova, A.; Griffiths, E.; Orchard, C.H.; Suleiman, M.-S. Consecutive Isoproterenol and Adenosine Treatment Confers Marked Protection against Reperfusion Injury in Adult but Not in Immature Heart: A Role for Glycogen. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 494. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020494
Lewis M, Szobi A, Balaska D, Khaliulin I, Adameova A, Griffiths E, Orchard CH, Suleiman M-S. Consecutive Isoproterenol and Adenosine Treatment Confers Marked Protection against Reperfusion Injury in Adult but Not in Immature Heart: A Role for Glycogen. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(2):494. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020494
Chicago/Turabian StyleLewis, Martin, Adrian Szobi, Dirki Balaska, Igor Khaliulin, Adriana Adameova, Elinor Griffiths, Clive H. Orchard, and M.-Saadeh Suleiman. 2018. "Consecutive Isoproterenol and Adenosine Treatment Confers Marked Protection against Reperfusion Injury in Adult but Not in Immature Heart: A Role for Glycogen" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 2: 494. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020494